Normal loads program for aerodynamic lifting surface theory

A description of and users manual are presented for a U.S.A. FORTRAN 4 computer program which evaluates spanwise and chordwise loading distributions, lift coefficient, pitching moment coefficient, and other stability derivatives for thin wings in linearized, steady, subsonic flow. The program is based on a kernel function method lifting surface theory and is applicable to a large class of planforms including asymmetrical ones and ones with mixed straight and curved edges

Plotting program for aerodynamic lifting surface theory

A description of and users manual for a USA FORTRAN IV computer program which plots the planform and control points of a wing are presented. The program also plots some of the configuration data such as the aspect ratio. The planform data is stored on a disc file which is created by a geometry program. This program, the geometry program, and several other programs are used together in the analysis of lifting, thin wings in steady, subsonic flow according to a kernel function lifting surface theory

Boundary condition program for aerodynamic lifting surface theory

Users manual for a U.S.A. FORTRAN 4 computer program which determines boundary conditions for a thin wing lifting surface program is described. This program, the geometry program, and several other programs are used together in the analysis of lifting, thin wings in steady, subsonic flow according to a kernel function lifting surface theory. The program calculates specific types of boundary conditions automatically such as those necessary to determine pitch and roll damping derivatives. The program also accepts descriptions of the camber or downwash and twist in the form of tables and/or coefficients of equations. The program performs interpolations so that tables and/or coefficients can apply at stations selected by the user and not at stations dictated by the control point locations

A generalized family of anisotropic compact object in general relativity

We present model for anisotropic compact star under the general theory of relativity of Einstein. In the study a 4-dimensional spacetime has been considered which is embedded into the 5-dimensional flat metric so that the spherically symmetric metric has class 1 when the condition $e^{\lambda}=\left(\,1+C\,e^{\nu} \,{\nu'}^2\,\right)$ is satisfied ($\lambda$ and $\nu$ being the metric potentials along with a constant $C$). A set of solutions for the field equations are found depending on the index $n$ involved in the physical parameters. The interior solutions have been matched smoothly at the boundary of the spherical distribution to the exterior Schwarzschild solution which necessarily provides values of the unknown constants. We have chosen the values of $n$ as $n=2$ and $n$=10 to 20000 for which interesting and physically viable results can be found out. The numerical values of the parameters and arbitrary constants for different compact stars are assumed in the graphical plots and tables as follows: (i) LMC X-4 : $a=0.0075$, $b=0.000821$ for $n=2$ and $a=0.0075$, $nb=0.00164$ for $n\ge 10$, (ii) SMC X-1: $a=0.00681$, $b=0.00078$ for $n=2$, and $a=0.00681$, $nb=0.00159$ for $n \ge 10$. The investigations on the physical features of the model include several astrophysical issues, like (i) regularity behavior of stars at the centre, (ii) well behaved condition for velocity of sound, (iii) energy conditions, (iv) stabilty of the system via the following three techniques - adiabatic index, Herrera cracking concept and TOV equation, (v) total mass, effective mass and compactification factor and (vi) surface redshift. Specific numerical values of the compact star candidates LMC X-4 and SMC X-1 are calculated for central and surface densities as well as central pressure to compare the model value with actual observational data.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, 2 Table

Determination of the glycoforms of human chorionic gonadotropin b-core fragment by matrix-assisted laser desoption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry

Background: Metabolism of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the serum and kidney yields the terminal urinary product hCG ß-core fragment (hCGßcf), comprising two disulfide-linked peptides (ß6-ß40 and ß55-ß92) of which one (ß6-ß40) retains truncated N-linked sugars. Hyperglycosylated hCGßcf may indicate choriocarcinoma or Down syndrome, but the glycosylation profile of hCGßcf has not been thoroughly evaluated. Methods: hCGßcf, purified from pregnancy urine, was reduced by "on-target" dithiothreitol (DTT) reduction and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The mass ([M+H]+) of the primary sequence of the glycosylated peptide ß6-ß40 was subtracted from the m/z values of the discrete peaks observed to give the masses of the carbohydrate moieties. Carbohydrate structure was predicted by sequentially subtracting the masses of the monosaccharide residues corresponding to N-linked carbohydrates of the hCG ß-subunit reported in the literature. Results: Mass spectra of hCGßcf revealed a broad triple peak at m/z 8700–11300. After reduction, the triple peak was replaced by a discrete set of peaks between m/z 4156 and 6354. A peak at m/z 4156.8 corresponded to the nonglycosylated peptide (ß55-ß92). The remaining nine peaks indicated that urinary hCGßcf comprises a set of glycoforms smaller and larger than the trimannosyl core. Conclusions: hCGßcf comprises a wider set of glycoforms than reported previously. Peaks of highest mass indicate evidence of hyperglycosylated carbohydrate moieties. The data support previous reports that hCGßcf oligosaccharides lack sialic acid and galactose residues. No indication was found of a ß6-ß40 peptide that was entirely devoid of carbohydrate

Critical properties and stability of stationary solutions in multi-transonic pseudo-Schwarzschild accretion

For inviscid, rotational accretion flows, both isothermal and polytropic, a simple dynamical systems analysis of the critical points has given a very accurate mathematical scheme to understand the nature of these points, for {\em any} pseudo-potential by which the flow may be driven on to a Schwarzschild black hole. This allows for a complete classification of the critical points for a wide range of flow parameters, and shows that the only possible critical points for this kind of flow are saddle points and centre-type points. A restrictive upper bound on the angular momentum of critical solutions has been established. A time-dependent perturbative study reveals that the form of the perturbation equation, for both isothermal and polytropic flows, is invariant under the choice of any particular pseudo-potential. Under generically true outer boundary conditions, the inviscid flow has been shown to be stable under an adiabatic and radially propagating perturbtion. The perturbation equation has also served the dual purpose of enabling an understanding of the acoustic geometry for inviscid and rotational flows

Breeding Biology of King Eiders Nesting on Karrak Lake, Northwest Territories

We studied various aspects of the breeding biology of king eiders (Somateria spectabilis) nesting at Karrak Lake, south of Queen Maud Gulf in the central Canadian Arctic. We found 41 nests distributed among 10 islands in Karrak Lake; to our knowledge, this represents the largest number of king eider nests studied at one site. We suspect that island nesting by king eiders is more common than has been previously reported. King eiders favoured mid-sized islands (0.002-0.081 km²) over very small (less than 0.002 km²) or very large (greater than 0.081 km²) islands. Mean clutch size was 5.4 ±1.7 (SD) eggs. Apparent nest success was 69.4% with a composite Mayfield estimate of nest success over egg laying and incubation of 48.7% (95% CI: 47.4-50.0%). Nest success was uncorrelated with date of nest initiation or island size, but eiders nesting on islands farther from the mainland had greater success than those nesting on islands closer to the mainland. Additionally, nest success was greater on islands with more nesting eiders and on islands with nesting arctic terns (Sterna paradisaea).On a étudié divers aspects de la biologie reproductive de l'eider à tête grise (Somateria spectabilis) nichant au lac Karrak, qui se trouve au sud du golfe de la Reine-Maud, au centre de l'Arctique canadien. On y a trouvé 41 nids répartis sur 10 îles situées dans le lac Karrak; à notre connaissance, cela représente le plus grand nombre de nids d'eiders à tête grise faisant l'objet d'une étude sur un seul site. On soupçonne que l'eider à tête grise niche plus couramment dans des îles qu'on ne l'avait rapporté précédemment. Les individus préféraient les îles de taille moyenne (0,002 à 0,081 km²) aux îles très petites (moins de 0,002 km²) ou très grandes (plus de 0,081 km²). La taille moyenne des couvées était de 5,4 oeufs, avec un écart-type de 1,7. Le taux d'éclosion apparente était de 69,4 p.cent, avec une estimation composée de Mayfield de 48,7 p.cent (intervalle de confiance au seuil de 95 p.cent: 47,4 à 50,0 p.cent) pour le succès de la couvaison par rapport à celui de la ponte et de l'incubation. Le succès de la couvaison n'était pas corrélé à la date du début de la nidification ou à la taille de l'île, mais les eiders nichant sur les îles les plus éloignées du continent réussissaient mieux que ceux nichant sur les îles plus proches du continent. En outre, le succès de la nidification était plus grand sur les îles où nichaient plus d'eiders et sur celles où nichaient aussi des sternes arctiques (Sterna paradisaea)