“Documentality” of the Collection “Dans la Steppe” in S. Persky’s Interpretation

The article is devoted to the analysis of the French collection “Dans la steppe” (1902), compiled and translated by S. M. Persky, which includes the following early stories of M. Gorky: “In the steppe”, “Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka”, “Song of the Falcon”, “Emelyan Pilyai”, “The Khan and his son”, “Notch”, “Makar Chudra”, “Twenty-six and one”, “Old Woman Izergil”. Attention is paid to the preface of the collection written by Persky, in which he names facts from the life of the writer, thereby justifying the choice of stories and characterizing the main feature of the style of Gorky's early stories, manifested in the synthesis of documentary and artistic, namely, the description of the “autobiographical” space, the component of which is the image of the steppe. The author of the article dwells on the three most exhibitive in this aspect stories: “In the Steppe”, “Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka”, “Emelyan Pilyai”. The author comes to the conclusion that Persky solves two primary tasks: first, the compiler of the collection acquaints the reader with the facts of Gorky's biography, and secondly, characterizes the author's style reflecting the transformation of the documentary style into the artistic one. It is shown that the collection, which includes stories arranged in a certain sequence, represents a story about the writer's search for his place in life

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION OF DIPHTHERIA IN RUSSIA AND IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION SINCE 2005 TO 2011

The analysis of the incidence of diphtheria in the Russian Federation after the second revaccination of adults since 2005 to 2011 is presented. The level of the immunization and. the state of population immunity were studied. The high level of protection against diphtheria was established. It provides positive epidemiological situation against this infection in the country

Finsler geometry modeling of reverse piezoelectric effect in PVDF

We apply the Finsler geometry (FG) modeling technique to study the electric field-induced strain in ferroelectric polymers. Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) has a negative longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient, which is unusual in ferroelectrics, and therefore the shape changes in this material are hard to predict. We find that the results of Monte Carlo simulations for the FG model are in good agreement with experimental strain-electric field curves of PVDF-based polymers in both longitudinal and transverse directions. This implies that FG modeling is suitable for reproducing the reverse piezoelectric effect in PVDF

Anomalies of Density, Stresses, and the Gravitational Field in the Interior of Mars

We determined the possible compensation depths for relief harmonics of different degrees and orders. The relief is shown to be completely compensated within the depth range of 0 to 1400 km. The lateral distributions of compensation masses are determined at these depths and the maps are constructed. The possible nonisostatic vertical stresses in the crust and mantle of Mars are estimated to be 64 MPa in compression and 20 MPa in tension. The relief anomalies of the Tharsis volcanic plateau and symmetric feature in the eastern hemisphere could have arisen and been maintained dynamically due to two plumes in the mantle substance that are enriched with fluids. The plumes that originate at the core of Mars can arise and be maintained by the anomalies of the inner gravitational field achieving +800 mGal in the region of plume formation, - 1200 mGal above the lower mantle-core transition layer, and -1400 mGal at the crust.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure

The principles of selecting and structuring the syllabus of foreign language teaching aimed at developing the students research competence

© 2015, Review of European Studies. All right reserved. The essence of the development of the students research competence in the process of learning a foreign language is to acquire knowledge, skills and work methods allowing students to take the position of a researcher capable both to carry out and present the results of the research in the international language that contributes to unlocking their full intellectual potential in the future professional activity. The methodological basis for solving this problem has become the modular competence-forming, research and integrative approaches. According to these approaches the article discusses the nature and the content of the principles of selection and structuring the syllabus of foreign language teaching aimed at creating the students research competence: the principle of integration, the principle of poly-logic cognition, a problematic principle, the principle of concentrism and the principle of mediation activities by means of learning a foreign language. The article submissions present both theoretical and practical value for the teachers of “Foreign Language course” as well as for the future teachers

Teachers professional competence assessment technology in qualification improvement process

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved. Scientific and methodological validity of diagnostic procedures and techniques for the study of teachers’ professional competence is designed to ensure the efficiency and dynamism of education management, early detection of possible professional deformations and its correction in the qualification improvement training and in the process of personal and professional self-development. In this regard, this article is focused on the development of technologies to assess the teachers’ professional competence in the process of their qualification’s improvement process. The leading method in the development of this technology are the analysis of the scientific and methodological literature and practical experience which allow reveal its core elements: The tasks of diagnosis, the entities of diagnosis, a set of procedures based on the principles of system-structured pedagogical diagnostics, means and diagnostic tools. In the article the main components and their qualitative indicators to assess the development of teachers’ professional competence in the process of qualification improvement process are proposed. Article submissions are of practical value for managers of teachers’ qualification improvement training courses when evaluating their professional competence

Hysteretic characteristics of a double stripline in the critical state

Analytical investigations of the critical state are carried out for a superconducting stripline consisting of two individual coplanar strips with an arbitrary distance between them. Two different cases are considered: a stripline with transport current and strips exposed to a perpendicular magnetic field. In the second case, the obtained solutions correspond to "fieldlike" (for unclosed strips) and "currentlike" (for a long rectangular superconducting loop) states in an isolated strip to which both a transport current and a magnetic field are applied with constant ratio.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures. accepted by SS

Pyrolysed almond shells used as electrodes in microbial electrolysis cell

9 p.The large cost of components used in microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) reactors represents an important limitation that is delaying the commercial implementation of this technology. In this work, we explore the feasibility of using pyrolysed almond shells (PAS) as a material for producing low-cost anodes for use in MEC systems. This was done by comparing the microbial populations that developed on the surface of PAS bioanodes with those present on the carbon felt (CF) bioanodes traditionally used in MECs. Raw almond shells were pyrolysed at three different temperatures, obtaining the best conductive material at the highest temperature (1000 °C). The behaviour of this material was then verified using a single-chamber cell. Subsequently, the main test was carried out using two-chamber cells and the microbial populations extant on each of the bioanodes were analysed. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene for eubacterial populations was carried out in order to compare the microbial communities attached to each type of electrode. The microbial populations on each electrode were also quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (realtime PCR) to determine the amount of bacteria capable of growing on the electrodes’surface. The results indicated that the newly developed PAS bioanodes possess a biofilm similar to those found on the surface of traditional CF electrodes. This research was possible thanks to the financial support of the Junta de Castilla y León, and was financed by European Regional Development Funds (LE320P18). C. B. thanks the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte for support in the form of an FPI fellowship grant (Ref #: BES-2016-078329)