10,364 research outputs found
The Lattice Free Energy with Overlap Fermions: A Two-Loop Result
We calculate the 2-loop partition function of QCD on the lattice, using the
Wilson formulation for gluons and the overlap-Dirac operator for fermions.
Direct by-products of our result are the 2-loop free energy and average
plaquette. Our calculation serves also as a prototype for further higher loop
calculations in the overlap formalism. We present our results as a function of
a free parameter entering the overlap action; the dependence on the
number of colors and fermionic flavors is shown explicitly.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Final version to appear in Physical Review D. A
missing overall factor was inserted in Eq. 12; it affects also Eq. 1
Chiral fermions on the lattice and index relations
Comparing recent lattice results on chiral fermions and old continuum results
for the index puzzling questions arise. To clarify this issue we start with a
critical reconsideration of the results on finite lattices. We then work out
various aspects of the continuum limit. After determining bounds and norm
convergences we obtain the limit of the anomaly term. Collecting our results
the index relation of the quantized theory gets established. We then compare in
detail with the Atiyah-Singer theorem. Finally we analyze conventional
continuum approaches.Comment: 34 pages; a more detaild introduction and a subsection with remarks
on literature adde
Influence of retardation effects on 2D magnetoplasmon spectrum
Within dissipationless limit the magnetic field dependence of magnetoplasmon
spectrum for unbounded 2DEG system found to intersect the cyclotron resonance
line, and, then approaches the frequency given by light dispersion relation.
Recent experiments done for macroscopic disc-shape 2DEG systems confirm theory
expectations.Comment: 2 pages,2 figure
The perimeter of large planar Voronoi cells: a double-stranded random walk
Let be the probability for a planar Poisson-Voronoi cell to have
exactly sides. We construct the asymptotic expansion of up to
terms that vanish as . We show that {\it two independent biased
random walks} executed by the polar angle determine the trajectory of the cell
perimeter. We find the limit distribution of (i) the angle between two
successive vertex vectors, and (ii) the one between two successive perimeter
segments. We obtain the probability law for the perimeter's long wavelength
deviations from circularity. We prove Lewis' law and show that it has
coefficient 1/4.Comment: Slightly extended version; journal reference adde
Constraints on Primordial Nongaussiantiy from the High-Redshift Cluster MS1054--03
The implications of the massive, X-ray selected cluster of galaxies
MS1054--03 at are discussed in light of the hypothesis that the
primordial density fluctuations may be nongaussian. We generalize the
Press-Schechter (PS) formalism to the nongaussian case, and calculate the
likelihood that a cluster as massive as MS1054 would appear in the EMSS. The
probability of finding an MS1054-like cluster depends only on \omegam and the
extent of primordial nongaussianity. We quantify the latter by adopting a
specific functional form for the PDF, denoted which tends to
Gaussianity for and show how is related to the more
familiar statistic the probability of fluctuations for a
given PDF relative to a Gaussian. We find that Gaussian initial density
fluctuations are consistent with the data on MS1054 only if \omegam\simlt
0.2. For \omegam\ge 0.25 a significant degree of nongaussianity is required,
unless the mass of MS1054 has been substantially overestimated by X-ray and
weak lensing data. The required amount of nongaussianity is a rapidly
increasing function of \omegam for 0.25 \le \omegam \le 0.45, with (T \simgt 7) at the upper end of this range. For a fiducial
\omegam=0.3, \omegal=0.7 universe, favored by several lines of evidence we
obtain an upper limit corresponding to a This
finding is consistent with the conclusions of Koyama, Soda, & Taruya (1999),
who applied the generalized PS formalism to low (z\simlt 0.1) and
intermediate (z\simlt 0.6) redshift cluster data sets.Comment: 15 pages, 11 figures, submitted to the Astrophysical Journal, uses
emulateapj.st
Equation of state and initial temperature of quark gluon plasma at RHIC
In gold-gold collisions of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) a
perfect fluid of quarks, sometimes called the strongly interacting quark gluon
plasma (sQGP) is created for an extremely short time. The time evolution of
this fluid can be described by hydrodynamical models. After expansion and
cooling, the freeze-out happens and hadrons are created. Their distribution
reveals information about the final state of the fluid. To investigate the time
evolution one needs to analyze penetrating probes, such as direct photon
observables. Transverse momentum distributions of low energy direct photons
were mesured in 2010 by PHENIX, while azimuthal asymmetry in 2011. These
measurements can be compared to hydrodynamics to determine the equation of
state and the initial temperature of sQGP. In this paper we analyze an 1+3
dimensional solution of relativistic hydrodynamics. We calculate momentum
distribution, azimuthal asymmetry and momentum correlations of direct photons.
Based on earlier fits to hadronic spectra, we compare photon calculations to
measurements to determine the equation of state and the initial temperature of
sQGP. We find that the initial temperature in the center of the fireball is
507+-12 MeV, while for the sound speed we get a speed of sound of 0.36+-0.02.
We also estimate a systematic error of these results. We find that the measured
azimuthal asymmetry is also not incompatible with this model, and predict a
photon source that is significantly larger in the out direction than in the
side direction.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures. This work was supported by the OTKA grant
NK-73143 and NK-101438 and M. Csanad's Bolyai scholarshi
Baryon content in a sample of 91 galaxy clusters selected by the South Pole Telescope at 0.2 < z < 1.25
We estimate total mass (M_(500)), intracluster medium (ICM) mass (M_(ICM)), and stellar mass (M⋆) in a Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) selected sample of 91 galaxy clusters with masses M_(500) ≳ 2.5 × 10^(14) M⊙ and redshift 0.2 < z < 1.25 from the 2500 deg^2 South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. The total masses M_(500) are estimatedfrom the SZE observable, the ICM masses M_(ICM) are obtained from the analysis of Chandra X-ray observations, and the stellar masses M⋆ are derived by fitting spectral energy distribution templates to Dark Energy Survey griz optical photometry and WISE or Spitzer near-infrared photometry. We study trends in the stellar mass, the ICM mass, the total baryonic mass, and the cold baryonic fraction with cluster halo mass and redshift. We find significant departures from self-similarity in the mass scaling for all quantities, while the redshift trends are all statistically consistent with zero, indicating that the baryon content of clusters at fixed mass has changed remarkably little over the past ≈9 Gyr. We compare our results to the mean baryon fraction (and the stellar mass fraction) in the field, finding that these values lie above (below) those in cluster virial regions in all but the most massive clusters at low redshift. Using a simple model of the matter assembly of clusters from infalling groups with lower masses and from infalling material from the low-density environment or field surrounding the parent haloes, we show that the measured mass trends without strong redshift trends in the stellar mass scaling relation could be explained by a mass and redshift dependent fractional contribution from field material. Similar analyses of the ICM and baryon mass scaling relations provide evidence for the so-called ‘missing baryons’ outside cluster virial regions
Baryon content in a sample of 91 galaxy clusters selected by the South Pole Telescope at 0.2 < z < 1.25
We estimate total mass (M_(500)), intracluster medium (ICM) mass (M_(ICM)), and stellar mass (M⋆) in a Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (SZE) selected sample of 91 galaxy clusters with masses M_(500) ≳ 2.5 × 10^(14) M⊙ and redshift 0.2 < z < 1.25 from the 2500 deg^2 South Pole Telescope SPT-SZ survey. The total masses M_(500) are estimatedfrom the SZE observable, the ICM masses M_(ICM) are obtained from the analysis of Chandra X-ray observations, and the stellar masses M⋆ are derived by fitting spectral energy distribution templates to Dark Energy Survey griz optical photometry and WISE or Spitzer near-infrared photometry. We study trends in the stellar mass, the ICM mass, the total baryonic mass, and the cold baryonic fraction with cluster halo mass and redshift. We find significant departures from self-similarity in the mass scaling for all quantities, while the redshift trends are all statistically consistent with zero, indicating that the baryon content of clusters at fixed mass has changed remarkably little over the past ≈9 Gyr. We compare our results to the mean baryon fraction (and the stellar mass fraction) in the field, finding that these values lie above (below) those in cluster virial regions in all but the most massive clusters at low redshift. Using a simple model of the matter assembly of clusters from infalling groups with lower masses and from infalling material from the low-density environment or field surrounding the parent haloes, we show that the measured mass trends without strong redshift trends in the stellar mass scaling relation could be explained by a mass and redshift dependent fractional contribution from field material. Similar analyses of the ICM and baryon mass scaling relations provide evidence for the so-called ‘missing baryons’ outside cluster virial regions
Large collective Lamb shift of two distant superconducting artificial atoms
Virtual photons can mediate interaction between atoms, resulting in an energy
shift known as a collective Lamb shift. Observing the collective Lamb shift is
challenging, since it can be obscured by radiative decay and direct atom-atom
interactions. Here, we place two superconducting qubits in a transmission line
terminated by a mirror, which suppresses decay. We measure a collective Lamb
shift reaching 0.8% of the qubit transition frequency and exceeding the
transition linewidth. We also show that the qubits can interact via the
transmission line even if one of them does not decay into it.Comment: 7+5 pages, 4+2 figure
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