Unveiling relationships between crime and property in England and Wales via density scale-adjusted metrics and network tools

Scale-adjusted metrics (SAMs) are a significant achievement of the urban scaling hypothesis. SAMs remove the inherent biases of per capita measures computed in the absence of isometric allometries. However, this approach is limited to urban areas, while a large portion of the world’s population still lives outside cities and rural areas dominate land use worldwide. Here, we extend the concept of SAMs to population density scale-adjusted metrics (DSAMs) to reveal relationships among different types of crime and property metrics. Our approach allows all human environments to be considered, avoids problems in the definition of urban areas, and accounts for the heterogeneity of population distributions within urban regions. By combining DSAMs, cross-correlation, and complex network analysis, we find that crime and property types have intricate and hierarchically organized relationships leading to some striking conclusions. Drugs and burglary had uncorrelated DSAMs and, to the extent property transaction values are indicators of affluence, twelve out of fourteen crime metrics showed no evidence of specifically targeting affluence. Burglary and robbery were the most connected in our network analysis and the modular structures suggest an alternative to "zero-tolerance" policies by unveiling the crime and/or property types most likely to affect each other

A Parametric Study of the Crystal Phases on Au/TiO2 Photocatalysts for CO2 Gas-Phase Reduction in the Presence of Water

Au/TiO2 photocatalysts were studied, characterized, and compared for CO2 photocatalytic gas-phase reduction. The impact of the nature of the TiO2 support was studied. It was shown that the surface area/porosity/TiO2 crystal phase/density of specific exposed facets and oxygen vacancies were the key factors determining CH4 productivity under solar-light activation. A 0.84 wt.% Au/TiO2 SG (Sol Gel) calcined at 400 degrees C exhibited the best performance, leading to a continuous mean CH4 production rate of 50 mu mol.h(-1).g(-1) over 5 h, associated with an electronic selectivity of 85%. This high activity was mainly attributed to the large surface area and accessible microporous volume, high density of exposed TiO2 (101) anatase facets, and oxygen vacancies acting as reactive defects sites for CO2 adsorption/activation/dissociation and charge carrier transport

Niobium Alloying of Self-Organized TiO 2 Nanotubes as an Anode for Lithium-Ion Microbatteries

International audienc