Classification of General Sequences by Frame-Related Operators

This note is a survey and collection of results, as well as presenting some original research. For Bessel sequences and frames, the analysis, synthesis and frame operators as well as the Gram matrix are well-known, bounded operators. We investigate these operators for arbitrary sequences, which in general lead to possibly unbounded operators. We characterize various classes of sequences in terms of these operators and vice-versa. Finally, we classify these sequences by operators applied on orthonormal bases

Rediscounting Under Aggregate Risk with Moral Hazard

Freeman (1999) proposes a model in which discount window lending and open market operations have different effects. This is important because in most of the literature, these policies are indistinguishable. However, Freeman's argument that the central bank should absorb losses associated with default to provide risk-sharing stands in stark contrast to the concern that central banks should limit their exposure to credit risk. We extend Freeman's model by introducing moral hazard. With moral hazard, the central bank should avoid absorbing losses and Freeman's argument breaks down. However, we show that policies resembling discount window lending and open market operations can still be distinguished in this new framework. The optimal policy is for the central bank to make a restricted number of creditors compete for funds. By restricting the number of agents, the central bank can limit the moral hazard problem. By making them compete with each other, the central bank can exploit market information that reveals the state of the economy.Payment, clearing, and settlement systems; Financial markets; Central bank research

Fuels characterization studies

Current analytical techniques used in the characterization of broadened properties fuels are briefly described. Included are liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High performance liquid chromatographic ground-type methods development is being approached from several directions, including aromatic fraction standards development and the elimination of standards through removal or partial removal of the alkene and aromatic fractions or through the use of whole fuel refractive index values. More sensitive methods for alkene determinations using an ultraviolet-visible detector are also being pursued. Some of the more successful gas chromatographic physical property determinations for petroleum derived fuels are the distillation curve (simulated distillation), heat of combustion, hydrogen content, API gravity, viscosity, flash point, and (to a lesser extent) freezing point

Electronic correlations, magnetism and Hund's rule coupling in the ruthenium perovskites SrRuO3_3 and CaRuO3_3

A comparative density functional plus dynamical mean field theory study of the pseudocubic ruthenate materials CaRuO$_3$ and SrRuO$_3$ is presented. Phase diagrams are determined for both materials as a function of Hubbard repulsion $U$ and Hund's rule coupling $J$. Metallic and insulating phases are found, as are ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states. The locations of the relevant phase boundaries are determined. Based on the computed phase diagrams, Mott-dominated and Hund's dominated regimes of strong correlation are distinguished. Comparison of calculated properties to experiments indicates that the actual materials are in the Hund's coupling dominated region of the phase diagram so can be characterized as Hund's metals, in common with other members of the ruthenate family. Comparison of the phase diagrams for the two materials reveals the role played by rotational and tilt (GdFeO$_3$-type) distortions of the ideal perovskite structure. The presence of magnetism in SrRuO$_3$ and its absence in CaRuO$_3$ despite the larger mass and larger tilt/rotational distortion amplitude of CaRuO$_3$ can be understood in terms of density of states effects in the presence of strong Hund's coupling. Comparison of the calculated low-$T$ properties of CaRuO$_3$ to those of SrRuO$_3$ provides insight into the effects of magnetic order on the properties of a Hund's metal. The study provides a simultaneous description of magnetism and correlations and explicates the roles played by band theory and Hubbard and Hund's interactions

Spin wave contribution to the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation in triplet superconductors

We discuss collective spin wave excitations in triplet superconductors with an easy axis anisotropy for the order parameter. Using a microscopic model for interacting electrons we estimate the frequency of such excitations in Bechgaard salts and ruthenate superconductors to be one and twenty GHz respectively. We introduce an effective bosonic model to describe spin-wave excitations and calculate their contribution to the nuclear spin lattice relaxation rate. We find that in the experimentally relevant regime of temperatures, this mechanism leads to the power law scaling of 1/T_1 with temperature. For two and three dimensional systems the scaling exponents are three and five respectively. We discuss experimental manifestations of the spin wave mechanism of the nuclear spin lattice relaxation.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Importance of electronic correlations for structural and magnetic properties of the iron pnictide superconductor LaFeAsO

We present calculations of structural and magnetic properties of the iron-pnictide superconductor LaFeAsO including electron-electron correlations. For this purpose we apply a fully charge self-consistent combination of Density-Functional Theory with the Dynamical Mean-Field theory, allowing for the calculation of total energies. We find that the inclusion of correlation effects gives a good agreement of the Arsenic z position with experimental data even in the paramagnetic (high-temperature) phase. Going to low temperatures, we study the formation of the ordered moment in the striped spin-density-wave phase, yielding an ordered moment of about 0.60, again in good agreement with experiments. This shows that the inclusion of correlation effects improves both structural and magnetic properties of LaFeAsO at the same time.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures, published versio

Remedial Reading: Evaluation of a Reading-and-Study Course With Implications for a College Reading Center

The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the method of teaching a How to Study class in helping students more adequately meet their reading needs. Research was conducted to test the reading gains made by students in the program with respect to ability and group size. The results indicate that group size had the greatest effect as to changes in reading behavior. Instruction was based on diagnosing student needs. It was shown that a significant number of students who decreased in rate of reading, increased in comprehension. The same diagnostic principle was observed for those who were judged able to increase rate, since a significant number in this category also increased in comprehension. It was concluded that the training was effective in helping students to adjust their rate of reading in order to facilitate an increase in comprehension. There was a wide range of individual differences in the actual amount of comprehension increase. The average increase of 14.5 percent was not significant. However, of the 163 students in the program 82 made a 10 percent increase or better. The principle problem of students making no progress was motivation. While 13.8 percent rated the course as one of the best, 30.2 percent rated the course as above average, and 34.5 percent rated the course average, 14.5 percent rated the course below average, and 6.2 percent were very critical of the course