Femtosecond correlated transient holography in CdS crystal under two-quantum excitation

This paper is devoted to the discussion of a possibility of the femtosecond correlated transient holograms recording in CdS crystal under two-quantum excitation

円山クリニック（かかりつけ医ご紹介）

This paper is devoted to the discussion of a possibility of the femtosecond correlated transient holograms recording in CdS crystal under two-quantum excitation

Entangled femtosecond free induction signals in a cadmium sulfide crystal at room temperature

Entangled free induction decay (EFID) femtosecond signals are experimentally observed for the first time at a wavelength of 790 nm in a cadmium sulfide (CdS) crystal in the two-photon absorption (TPA) regime upon excitation by two crossed (angle, 60°) laser beams. The sample emitted two EFID signals simul- taneously in opposite directions. The signals were diffracted by nonequilibrium electric polarization gratings induced by two laser beams in accordance with the laws of energy and momentum conservation. The possi- bility of exciting EFID signals in the three-photon absorption regime is discussed. © Allerton Press, Inc., 2012

"Entangled" free-induction decay in CdS crystal under two-photon excitation by two crossed laser beams

A new method of two-photon excitation of femtosecond signals of "entangled" free induction decay (EFID) by two crossed 790-nm laser beams in a CdS crystal at room temperature has been realized for the first time. This "entangled" (through the wave vectors) coherent response appears only in the case when the photons involved to the process of twophoton excitation of the sample belong to the different laser beams. This technique allows one to separate the EFID signal from the exciting femtosecond pulses and to vary the response wavelength by varying the angle between their wave vectors. The most optimal case occurs when the angle between the wave vectors of exciting pulses as well as the angle between each of these wave vectors and that of the response is equal to 60°. © 2012 by Astro, Ltd

Femtosecond coherent spectroscopy of four-wave mixing and the spectroscopy of transient gratings in GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor heterostructures at room temperature

Results from femtosecond coherent spectroscopy of four-wave mixing in GaAs/AlGaAs semiconductor heterostructures at room temperature are presented. Electron diffusivities and their spins are found via spectroscopy of transient gratings. Investigations in the field of spin transport in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures are performed with the aim of their possible use in spintronics applications. © 2014 Allerton Press, Inc

Состояние минеральной плотности кости у пожилых пациентов с остеоартрозом

Objective: to study bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly patients with different clinical forms of osteoarthrosis (OA). Patients and methods. A hundred and fifty-five patients above 65 years of age, diagnosed as having OA according to the criteria developed by R. Altman were examined. In all the patients, anthropometric indices, duration of the disease, and degree of functional impairment were assessed and joint X-ray study and densitometry were made. According to the clinical form of the disease, the patients were divided into 3 groups (with signs of gonarthrosis, oligoarthrosis of the knee and hip joints, and polyosteoarthrosis). Results. Both the clinical and anthropometric characteristics of patients facilitated the development of osteopenia. Involvement of a larger number of joints into a pathological process was followed by a significant BMD reduction in the predominant number of patients with OA. With the more progressive X-ray stage of the disease, a significantly higher BMD was observed in the distal forearm of patients from all groups. The patients aged 75 years or older who had gonarthrosis and polyosteoarthrosis showed a significant reduction in BMD as compared with those of less than 75 years of age. A greater reduction in the T test was shown to correspond to less body weight. The examinees' inactivity correlated with decreased BMD. In patients with polyosteoarthritis, early onset and longer menopause negatively affected BMD in the distal forearm. Conclusion. Reduced distal forearm BMD in elderly patients with OA is associated with patients' older age and a longer menopause, less body weight, early menopause, and no regular exercises. Progression of the X-ray stage of OA correlates with increased bone density.Цель исследования - изучение состояния минеральной плотности кости (МПК) у пожилых больных с различными клиническими формами остеоартроза (ОА). Материал и методы. Обследованы 155 больных старше 65 лет с диагнозом ОА, соответствующим критериям R. Altman. У всех больных оценивали антропометрические показатели, длительность заболевания, степень функциональной недостаточности, проводили рентгенологическое исследование суставов, денситометрию. В зависимости от клинической формы заболевания пациенты были разделены на три группы (с признаками гонартроза, олигоартроза коленных и тазобедренных суставов, полиостеоартроза). Результаты исследования. Развитию остеопении способствовали как клинические, так и антропометрические характеристики пациентов. Вовлечение в патологический процесс большего числа суставов сопровождалось достоверным снижением МПК у преобладающего числа больных ОА. При увеличении рентгенологической стадии заболевания отмечена достоверно более высокая МПК дистального отдела предплечья у больных всех групп. У больных с гонартрозом и полиостеоартрозом в возрасте 75 лет и старше наблюдалось достоверное снижение МПК по сравнению с данными пациентов моложе 75 лет. Показано, что меньшей массе тела соответствовало большее снижение Т-критерия во всех группах. Отсутствие физических нагрузок у обследованных коррелировало со снижением МПК. У пациенток с полиостеоартрозом раннее начало и увеличение продолжительности менопаузы отрицательно влияли на МПК дистального отдела предплечья. Заключение. Снижение МПК дистального отдела предплечья у пожилых пациентов с ОА ассоциируется с увеличением возраста больных и длительностью менопаузы, уменьшением массы тела, наличием ранней менопаузы и отсутствием регулярных физических нагрузок. Прогрессирование рентгенологической стадии ОА коррелирует с увеличением показателей костной плотности

Electron dynamics at GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunction studied by ultrafast spectroscopy

In this letter the electron and spin dynamics at GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction was studied by ultrafast spectroscopy techniques (photon echo and transient grating studies). Relaxation times and diffusion coefficients of photoexcited electrons and spins were obtained using pure optical setup. The estimated spin diffusion coefficient value of 160 cm2/s is relatively high and comparable to the electron diffusion coefficient of 200 cm2/s. This feature makes GaAs/AlGaAs heterosructure a promising material for practical application in semiconductor spintronics. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Incoherent photon echo in spectroscopy of optically dense impurity media

The possibility of using incoherent photon echo in spectroscopy of optically dense impurity media is considered. A theoretical approach to description of this phenomenon is presented. The experimental data on incoherent photon echo in ruby at liquid-helium temperature, with transport of an excitation pulse through a fiber, are reported. The spectral dependence of the echo intensity is studied. The decay curve for an incoherent echo signal is investigated, and the phase relaxation time is found to be 98 ns. © Allerton Press, Inc. 2008

Efficiency of using SNP markers in the <i>MSTN</i> gene in the selection of the Pushkin breed chickens

In the poultry industry, indicators reflecting the growth rate of young stock and the exterior characteristics of chickens are important benchmarks for breeding. Traditional selection based on phenotypic evaluation is characterized by low efficiency with a low character inheritance ratio and is difficult to apply in small groups of animals and birds bred in bioresource collections. The use of molecular genetic markers associated with economically important traits makes it possible to carry out early selection of birds. This entails an increase in the profitability of the poultry industry. Recently, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have served as convenient markers for selection purposes. For five generations (P1–P5), an experimental selection of hens of the Pushkin breed was carried out for live weight. It was based on selection for single nucleotide polymorphism rs313744840 in the MSTN gene. As a result, a significant increase in the frequency of allele A in this gene, from 0.11 to 0.50, took place. The association of SNP markers with meat qualities in the experimental group led to changes in the exterior profile of an adult bird at 330 days of age. The individuals with the AA and AG genotypes had the greatest live weight and longest body. As a result of selection, the bird on average became larger due to an increase in the number of heterozygous individuals with long bodies and large chest girths. The depth of the chest and the width of the pelvis increased due to an increase in the frequency of allele A in the experimental population. A tendency towards an increase in these indicators with the substitution of G with A in the genotype was found. Saturation of the population with desirable alleles led to an increase in the average live weight of the chickens. Analysis of the exterior parameters of adult birds showed that this growth is achieved by increasing the depth and volume of the bird body, and not by increasing the length of the limbs. Thus, marker selection carried out for five generations in the experimental population of Pushkin breed chickens to increase body weight has reliably (p &lt; 0.001) changed the exterior profile of adult birds