Особенности определения стоимостных показателей посредством судебной экспертизы в ходе судебного разбирательства в процессе определения величины убытков

Cost indicators have been instrumental in highlighting the damage, in the qualification of crimes (large or especially large) and imposing punishment, as well as in conflict resolution between economic entities. The aim of the research is to identify the problems and conduct forensic examinations to determine the cost indicators and to formulate recommendations for improving this process. The research used such methods as content analysis of sources, normative and legal regulation, economic and mathematical methods, and analysis. Existing differences in individual concepts and types of values require uniformity in the justice system regarding their use. The authors recommend to adopt a list of issues and clarifications (explanations) to the issues in the determination of values on the basis of which the court will determine the amount of damage. The practice of forensic expert activity (at the legislative level, approved by norm) before the appointment of a forensic examination (in terms of determining the list of issues submitted for expert examination) was suggested, another proposal include implementation seminars with the participation of an expert (expert candidate) and detail of the cost indicators. Alternatively, this type of value can be represented as the term “market value with the restriction of free circulation”. It was concluded that there is a need to develop unification and develop uniform principles for determining the cost of financial indicators in legal proceedings to determine the amount of losses.Определение стоимостных показателей важно при определении ущерба, при квалификации преступлений (крупного или особо крупного размера) и назначении наказания, а также в ходе урегулирования конфликтов хозяйствующих субъектов. Цель исследования состоит в выявлении проблематики назначения и проведения судебных экспертиз по определению стоимостных показателей и выработке рекомендаций по совершенствованию данного процесса. В ходе исследования использованы такие методы, как контент-анализ источников, нормативно-правовое регулирование, экономико-математические методы, анализ. Существующие различия в отдельных понятиях и видах стоимости требуют формирования единообразия в системе правосудия относительно их использования. Авторы рекомендуют выработать перечень вопросов и уточнений (пояснений) к вопросам по определению стоимостных показателей, на основании которых судом будет устанавливаться размер ущерба. Также предложено ввести в практику судебной экспертной деятельности (на уровне законодательно утвержденной нормы) перед назначением судебной экспертизы (в части определения перечня вопросов, выносимых на экспертное исследование) проведение с участием эксперта (кандидата в эксперты) обсуждений и уточнений в формулировках вопросов с детализацией стоимостных показателей, подлежащих определению. Как вариант, данный вид стоимости можно закрепить в виде термина «рыночная стоимость при ограничении свободного обращения». Сделан вывод о необходимости выработки унификации принципов определения стоимостных финансовых показателей в ходе судебных разбирательств в процессе определения величины убытков

Features of nephropathy in various types of thrombotic microagniopathies in obstetric practice

Introduction. We assessed the features of kidney injury in patients with different types of TMA during pregnancy, taking into consideration the fact that the acute kidney injury (AKI) that occurs during pregnancy or in the early postpartum period is main- ly caused by various types of thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA), and AKI itself is a serious obstetric complication with the risk of serious complications and mortality for both mother and fetus.Objective of the study. To study the features of nephropathy in different types of pregnancy-associated TMA.Materials and methods. The study included 313 pregnant women, women in childbirth and puerperas, of which 71 women had atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), 124 – HELLP syndrome, 70 – varying degrees of severity of PE, a group of patients with more rare causes of TMA was also identified: TTP, CAPS and sepsis (13 patients) and 45 patients for the control group. We assessed and compared the main clinical, laboratory and instrumental data, and assessed the outcome of labour. Also, histological examination of the kidneys was performed in five patients with aHUS.Results and discussion. The results of the study have shown that the most severe manifestations of TMA in the form of target organ injury and nephropathy are usually occur in patients with aHUS, where all women developed AKI, in some cases with the formation of chronic kidney disease. In the HELLP syndrome group, AKI was recorded in 39%, but renal function quickly restored. It was found that the very fact of the presence of AKI points to a more unfavourable prognosis not only for the patients themselves, but also for the child, being the main risk factor for perinatal death. The findings of urinary sediment tests and morphological evaluation indicate that the resulting ischemia of the renal tissue in cases of aHUS, HELLP syndrome and other types of TMA can lead to tubular necrosis as compared with PE. Our results suggest that it is AKI in HELLP syndrome that is the main risk factor for perinatal death. Alas, this relationship is difficult to trace in patients with aHUS, as all of them had AKI.Conclusions. Timely recognition of the AKI phenomenon in all cases of obstetric TMA can reduce the risks for both mother and fetus. Both the prognosis for mother and the prognosis for child depend on AKI, and timely therapy can lead to a regression of AKI phenomena and the complete restoration of renal function

In-band pumped conical refraction Nd:KGW laser

We have demonstrated an in-band pumped conical refraction (CR) Nd: KGW laser. The CR laser was diode-pumped at 910 nm and produced an output power of 1.15 W at 1069 nm

STUDY OF NON-STANDARD FORMS OF SOCIO-LABOUR RELATIONS IN THE SVERDLOVSK REGION

The paper presents some results of a research project, which purpose is working out and testing of theoretical and methodological approach to the study of modern trends in the field of non-standard socio-labour relations at the regional labour market. The authors elaborated the research toolkit and methods for studying of non-standard forms of employmentand socio-logical survey program, conducted approbation of survey’s toolkit and summarized the results of the pilot study concerns the use of non-standard forms of labour relations in the Sverdlovsk oblast.В статье представлены некоторые результаты исследовательского проекта, целью которого является разработка и апробация теоретико-методического подхода к изучению современных трендов в сфере нестандартных социально-трудовых отношений на региональном рынке труда. Авторами разработаны инструментально-методический аппарат изучения нестандартных форм занятости на региональном рынке труда и программа социо-логического опроса руководителей организаций, проведена апробации инструментария опроса, обобщены итоги пилотажного исследования проблем применения нестандартных форм социально-трудовых отношений на территории Свердловской области.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РГНФ в рамках научного проекта № 14-12-66003

Upper limit on the ultra-high-energy photon flux from AGASA and Yakutsk data

We present the interpretation of the muon and scintillation signals of ultra-high-energy air showers observed by AGASA and Yakutsk extensive air shower array experiments. We consider case-by-case ten highest energy events with known muon content and conclude that at the 95% confidence level (C.L.) none of them was induced by a primary photon. Taking into account statistical fluctuations and differences in the energy estimation of proton and photon primaries, we derive an upper limit of 36% at 95% C.L. on the fraction of primary photons in the cosmic-ray flux above 10^20 eV. This result disfavors the Z-burst and superheavy dark-matter solutions to the GZK-cutoff problem.Comment: revtex, 8 pages, 4 figure

Kinetics of substrate recognition and cleavage by human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase

Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase (hOgg1) excises 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) from damaged DNA. We report a pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of hOgg1 mechanism using stopped-flow and enzyme fluorescence monitoring. The kinetic scheme for hOgg1 processing an 8-oxoG:C-containing substrate was found to include at least three fast equilibrium steps followed by two slow, irreversible steps and another equilibrium step. The second irreversible step was rate-limiting overall. By comparing data from Ogg1 intrinsic fluorescence traces and from accumulation of products of different types, the irreversible steps were attributed to two main chemical steps of the Ogg1-catalyzed reaction: cleavage of the N-glycosidic bond of the damaged nucleotide and β-elimination of its 3′-phosphate. The fast equilibrium steps were attributed to enzyme conformational changes during the recognition of 8-oxoG, and the final equilibrium, to binding of the reaction product by the enzyme. hOgg1 interacted with a substrate containing an aldehydic AP site very slowly, but the addition of 8-bromoguanine (8-BrG) greatly accelerated the reaction, which was best described by two initial equilibrium steps followed by one irreversible chemical step and a final product release equilibrium step. The irreversible step may correspond to β-elimination since it is the very step facilitated by 8-BrG