Simulation of the coordination number of random sphere packing

Given article presents a generalized equation for calculating the average coordination number from the density of a random sphere packing, supplemented by a dependence on the threshold value of the interparticle distance in two- and three-dimensional spaces. It is shown that the calculation of the average coordination numbers according to the proposed equation gives an unambiguous correspondence between the simulated, calculated and experimental data for threshold values of more than 1.02 particle diameters. An explanation of the weak dependence of the average coordinate number on the packing density for small threshold values of the interparticle distance is given in this wor

Identification of cytoplasm types in accessions of the family Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae Burnett) with DNA markers

Identification of cytoplasm types with the use of molecular markers enables to simplify the parent line pair selection for hybrid development based on CMS. Forty accessions of the family Brassicaceae (Brassicaceae Burnett) were analyzed with 22 pairs of PCR primers taken from previous research. Seven types of cytoplasm (Ogura, Ogu-NWSUAF, nap, pol, cam, rad, ole) were observed among breeding accessions using standard and multiplex PCR technique. The sequence of PCR products that differentiated different types of sterile cytoplasm confirmed the presence of three genes, orf138, orf222, and orf224, in mitochondrial DNA associated with exhibition of CMS. The accession of Nappa cabbage (Brassica rapa Pekinensis Group) had two genes, orf138 and orf222, which corresponded to cytoplasm Ogu-NWSUAF. All accessions carrying Ogura cytoplasm had the 417 bp fragment, which was 100 % identical to the mitochondrial orf138 gene sequence corres- pon­ding to Type А (formerly nine sequence Types, from A to I, had been identified). An exception was the accession of white head cabbage Tekila F1 with a new allelic variant of orf138 gene, which combined the 39-bp deletion typical of the Type F orf138 sequence and two nonsynonymous substitutions, A→T and G→A, at positions 95 and 99, respectively

Systematic Identification of Cell-Cell Communication Networks in the Developing Brain

Since the generation of cell-type specific knockout models, the importance of inter-cellular communication between neural, vascular, and microglial cells during neural development has been increasingly appreciated. However, the extent of communication between these major cell populations remains to be systematically mapped. Here, we describe EMBRACE (embryonic brain cell extraction using FACS), a method to simultaneously isolate neural, mural, endothelial, and microglial cells to more than 94% purity in ∼4 h. Utilizing EMBRACE we isolate, transcriptionally analyze, and build a cell-cell communication map of the developing mouse brain. We identify 1,710 unique ligand-receptor interactions between neural, endothelial, mural, and microglial cells in silico and experimentally confirm the APOE-LDLR, APOE-LRP1, VTN-KDR, and LAMA4-ITGB1 interactions in the E14.5 brain. We provide our data via the searchable “Brain interactome explorer”, available at https://mpi-ie.shinyapps.io/braininteractomeexplorer/. Together, this study provides a comprehensive map that reveals the richness of communication within the developing brain

Realities of awareness of permanent residents of industrial region on the problem of osteoporosis.

The questionnaire method was used to study the awareness on osteoporosis in 95 patients of the therapeutic hospital, residents of the industrial center (the city of Dnipro). It was established presence of risk factors for osteoporosis, especially in women. Prevalence: age over 65 years, smoking, fractures in anamnesis, associated pathology, early menopause. Low awareness of patients on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, as well as lack of motivation for undergoing examination and possible treatment has been established. A third of them did not know the term. Living in the industrial region was not regarded as a risk factor for osteoporosis

Realities of awareness of permanent residents of industrial region on the problem of osteoporosis.

The questionnaire method was used to study the awareness on osteoporosis in 95 patients of the therapeutic hospital, residents of the industrial center (the city of Dnipro). It was established presence of risk factors for osteoporosis, especially in women. Prevalence: age over 65 years, smoking, fractures in anamnesis, associated pathology, early menopause. Low awareness of patients on the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, as well as lack of motivation for undergoing examination and possible treatment has been established. A third of them did not know the term. Living in the industrial region was not regarded as a risk factor for osteoporosis

Finding the set of k-additive dominating measures viewed as a flow problem

n this paper we deal with the problem of obtaining the set of k-additive measures dominating a fuzzy measure. This problem extends the problem of deriving the set of probabilities dominating a fuzzy measure, an important problem appearing in Decision Making and Game Theory. The solution proposed in the paper follows the line developed by Chateauneuf and Jaffray for dominating probabilities and continued by Miranda et al. for dominating k-additive belief functions. Here, we address the general case transforming the problem into a similar one such that the involved set functions have non-negative Möbius transform; this simplifies the problem and allows a result similar to the one developed for belief functions. Although the set obtained is very large, we show that the conditions cannot be sharpened. On the other hand, we also show that it is possible to define a more restrictive subset, providing a more natural extension of the result for probabilities, such that it is possible to derive any k-additive dominating measure from it

Завязываемость семян у растений-регенерантов капусты брокколи различных генотипов при гейтеногамном опылении

Relevance. Broccoli cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) is widely spread around the world due to its dietetic attribute, preventive and healing effect, cooking simplicity. F1 hybrids production is the main stream in modern crop breeding as they surpass varieties in evenness and yield quality. However, it takes up to 6 years of inbreeding to obtain pure parent lines capable for hybrid creation. Thus biotechnological methods, especially doubled haploids production technology shell be implemented in selection process. 100% homozygous line can be worked out in one generation by this technology. Nevertheless earlier researches revealed such plants low seed set that hinder their application in mass production. Therefore after pollination seed set level identification is an important step in applying lines gained via in vitro process.Materials and methods. Broccoli cabbage regenerated plants produced by isolated microspore in vitro culture method were used as raw material in our study. Flower and bud pollination was held in climate cells.Results. Study of 11 broccoli cabbage DH-lines disclosed genotype influence the ability to set seeds after bud pollination. 93.3% genotype A and 95.5% A1.3 pods were seedless in our experiments. Most genotypes demonstrated 50.3-85.7% seed set level. Low and middle ability to form seeds prevailed mainly. This peculiarity should be considered while dealing with regenerated plants by raising the number of crossings for successful breeding.Актуальность: Капуста брокколи (Brassica oleracea L. convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. var. cymosa Duch.) распространена по всему миру благодаря своим диетическим, лечебно-профилактическим качествам и  легкости приготовления. В настоящее время в селекции сельскохозяйственных культур приоритетным  направлением является создание F1 гибридов, которые отличаются от сортов выравненностью и качеством продуктовых органов. Однако, для получения чистых линий, пригодных для создания таких гибридов, требуется затратить до 6 лет на инбридинги. В связи с этим необходимо вовлекать в селекционный процесс методы биотехнологии, а именно технологии получения удвоенных гаплоидов. С помощью них можно получить в одном поколении 100% гомозиготную линию. Но, как показывают более ранние исследования, у таких растений наблюдается низкая завязываемость семян, что затрудняет использование их в производстве. Поэтому важным этапом при работе с линиями, полученными в культуре in vitro, является определение степени завязываемости семян при опылении.Материал и методы. В наших исследованиях исходным материалом являлись растения-регенеранты капусты  брокколи, полученные методом культуры изолированных микроспор in vitro. Опыление цветков и бутонов проводили в камере искусственного климата.Результаты. В результате изучения 11 DH-линий капусты брокколи отмечено влияние генотипа на  завязываемость семян при опылении в бутонах. Выделены генотипы с низкой завязываемостью семян. В генотипах А и А1.3 у 93,3% и 95,5% стручков соответственно отсутствовали семена. У большинства генотипов завязываемость семян составляла 50,3-85,7%. В основном была отмечена низкая и средняя степень завязываемости семян. Поэтому при работе с растениями-регенерантами необходимо учитывать эти особенности и проводить большое количество скрещиваний для получения потомства. 

Fibroblasts—a key host cell type in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis

Tumor initiation, growth, invasion, and metastasis occur as a consequence of a complex interplay between the host environment and cancer cells. Fibroblasts are now recognized as a key host cell type involved in host–cancer signaling. This review discusses some recent studies that highlight the roles of fibroblasts in tumor initiation, early progression, invasion, and metastasis. Some clinical studies describing the prognostic significance of fibroblast-derived markers and signatures are also discussed

Капуста японская: особенности морфологических и биохимических показателей селекционного сортообразца

Relevance. New types of vegetable crops, previously unknown on a large scale, appear on the market. Japanese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt) is one of such crops for the middle zone of the Russian Federation. Due to the high content of vitamin C and microelements, Japanese cabbage can be classified as a rational balanced diet, including dietary one, and it can also be used as a raw material for the medical industry. Methods. The study of a promising sample of Japanese cabbage selection at the Federal Research Vegetable Center consisted in phenological observation of the stages of plant growth and development, morphological study of economically valuable traits, and biochemical analyzes of the content of ascorbic acid, dry matter and photosynthetic pigments. Results. The results of observations made it possible to establish the timing of the onset of phenological phases in Japanese cabbage plants and showed that the active formation of leaf mass in plants occurs 20 days after planting the seedlings. A close direct relationship was established between the duration of economic shelf life and the number of leaves in a plant (R = 0.95) and the length of the leaf plate (R=0.92). In the conducted biochemical studies, it was revealed that the content of ascorbic acid in the promising sample is 37.84±0.88 mg%, and the dry matter is in the range of 11.3±0.42%. The content of antioxidants in terms of HA and AA is within 5.72±0.72 and 19.5±2.46 mg/g, respectively. The study of the morphological characteristics and biological characteristics of Japanese cabbage plants contribute to the maximum use of the potential of vegetable crops in the conditions of the Moscow region.Актуальность. Новые виды овощных культур, ранее неизвестные в широких масштабах появляются на рынке. Одной из таких культур для средней полосы РФ является капуста японская (Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L.H. Bailey) Hanelt). Благодаря высокому содержанию витамина С и микроэлементов, капусту японскую можно отнести к продуктам, рационального сбалансированного питания, в том числе диетического, а также её можно использовать в качестве сырья для медицинской промышленности. Материал и методика. Исследование селекционного сортообразца капусты японской из коллекции ФГБНУ ФНЦО заключалось в фенологическом наблюдении стадий роста и развития растений, морфологическом изучении хозяйственно ценных признаков и проведении биохимических анализов содержания аскорбиновой кислоты, сухого вещества и фотосинтетических пигментов. Результаты. Результаты наблюдений позволили установить сроки наступления фенологических фаз в условиях защищенного грунта у растений капусты японской и показали, что активное формирование листовой массы у растений происходит на 20 сутки после высадки рассады. Установлена тесная прямая связь продолжительности хозяйственной годности до образования цветоноса с числом листьев у растения (R=0,95) и длиной листовой пластины (R=0,92). В проведенных биохимических исследованиях выявлено, что содержание аскорбиновой кислоты в селекционном сортообразце составляет 37,84±0,88 мг%, а сухое вещество находится в пределах 11,3±0,42%. Содержание антиоксидантов в пересчете на ГК и АК варьирует в пределах 5,72±0,72 и 19,5±2,46 мг/г соответственно. Изучение морфологических характеристик и биологических особенностей растений капусты японской благоприятствуют максимальному использованию потенциала овощной культуры в условиях Московской области