Alterações antrópicas em áreas de remanescentes de vegetação nativa nos municípios certificados pelo projeto "Municípios Verde Azul" no Estado de São Paulo.

According to the Native Vegetation Forest Inventory of 2010 for São Paulo State the remanescents of natural vegetation (RVN) represent 17.5% of the original native vegetation estimated as being 4,343,000 ha. The RNV are important refuges for animal wildlife and they also function as pockets to moderate temperature and humidity. For society they can be used as parks and also serve as an excellent natural laboratory for environmental education. In 2007, the State Government of São Paulo started a project named "Município Verde Azul? to promote environmental sustainability in municipalities of São Paulo State in which the RVN should be protected. This study aims to monitor areas of anthropogenic changes in RVN of 37 municipalities of São Paulo State that were certified in both years 2008 and 2009. The RVN were monitored using remote sensing images acquired from April to September of 2010. Results showed that RVN were altered in 13 municipalities corresponding to an area of 216 ha which corresponds to 0,39% of the total area of the RVN analyzed in the 37 municipalities

Valor nutritivo de espécies nativas presentes em pastagens do Rio Grande do Sul.

SIEPE

Alterações antropogênicas nos remanescentes de vegetação natural (RVN) de savana do estado de São Paulo no ano de 2009.

Deforestation in São Paulo State was mainly driven by sugarcane and coffee crops during the XVIII and XIX centuries which caused a significant fragmentation in native forests. More recently, between the 1970?s and 1980?s decades the native forest fragmentation process was intensified and also the savannah area was drastically reduced due to sugarcane expansion for ethanol production. Much native vegetation was deteriorated and fragmented into smaller disconnected portions during this period. This work was performed within the scope of a technical cooperative agreement between the Environmental Secretary of São Paulo State (SMA) and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). It consisted in monitoring monthly the land cover changes of 7,000 polygons of remanescent native vegetation (RVN) in the São Paulo State. The environmental assessment of the vegetation cover status was performed based on mesoregions for better discussion of the geographical distribution of the deforested RVN's from May to December 2009. The results showed that Bauru and Ribeirão Preto mesoregions presented the highest land cover changes with 19.4 and 12.1 km², respectively

Modulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation by combined biochemical and mechanical cues

Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins play a key role during oligodendrogenesis. While fibronectin (FN) is involved in the maintenance and proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), merosin (MN) promotes differentiation into oligodendrocytes (OLs). Mechanical properties of the ECM also seem to affect OL differentiation, hence this study aimed to clarify the impact of combined biophysical and biochemical elements during oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation using synthetic elastic polymeric ECM-like substrates. CG-4 cells presented OPC- or OL-like morphology in response to brain-compliant substrates functionalised with FN or MN, respectively. The expression of the differentiation and maturation markers myelin basic protein - MBP - and proteolipid protein - PLP - (respectively) by primary rat oligodendrocytes was enhanced in presence of MN, but only on brain-compliant conditions, considering the distribution (MBP) or amount (PLP) of the protein. It was also observed that maturation of OLs was attained earlier (by assessing PLP expression) by cells differentiated on MN-functionalised brain-compliant substrates than on standard culture conditions. Moreover, the combination of MN and substrate compliance enhanced the maturation and morphological complexity of OLs. Considering the distinct degrees of stiffness tested ranging within those of the central nervous system, our results indicate that 6.5 kPa is the most suitable rigidity for oligodendrocyte differentiation

Caracterização de sistemas radiculares de leguminosas cultivadas sob irrigação no Vale do São Francisco: 1. Padrão de distribuição.

Como o padrão de desenvolvimento do sistema radicular das leguminosas depende, além da genética da espécie, das características físicas e químicas do solo e do sistema de irrigação, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar a distribuição radicular de quatro espécies de leguminosas cultivadas sob irrigação por sulcos, no Vale do São Francisco

Caracterização de sistemas radiculares de leguminosas cultivadas sob irrigação no Vale do São Francisco: 2. Biomassa e nutrientes.

Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o acúmulo de nutrientes na biomassa radicular de leguminosas cultivadas sob irrigação por sulco no Vale do São Francisco, contrapondo-o com aquele obtido na biomassa da parte aérea