Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Histology of Liver, Gills, and Brain of Oreochromis Mossambicus (Peters)

Most of the river waters in Kerala are found to have several pollutants such as heavy metals, plasticizers, and pesticides. Chlorpyrifos, commonly known as Dursban is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide widely used in Kerala to control insects in crops, termites and to control mosquito larvae. This pesticide is known to reach the aquatic ecosystem causing several damages to aquatic organisms. Fish being on top of the food chain bioaccumulation of these pesticide residues are of concern. This study was to find the histological changes in the liver, brain, and gills of Orechromis mossambicus, commonly called Tilapia, a common freshwater edible fish, on exposure to chlorpyrifos for 7, 14, and 21 days to evaluate the extent of toxicity. For this fish, Orechromis mossambicus of age one to three were procured from a local fish farm of Pathanamthitta district, Kerala, and were acclimatized in tanks in the laboratory and exposed to chlorpyrifos for 7, 14, and 21 days and histology of brain, liver, and gills were carried. The microphotographs of the sections show severe damage to these tissues as early as 14 days of exposure

Controversy on the free energy of formation of CaO-additional evidence in support of thermochemical data

The standard free energies of formation of CaO derived from a variety of high-temperature equilibrium measurements made by seven groups of experimentalists are significantly different from those given in the standard compilations of thermodynamic data. Indirect support for the validity of the compiled data comes from new solid-state electrochemical measurements using single-crystal CaF2 and SrF2 as electrolytes. The change in free energy for the following reactions are obtained: CaO + MgF2 → MgO + CaF2 ΔG° = -68,050 - 2.47 T(±100)J mol-1 SrO + CaF2→ SrF2 + CaO ΔG° = -35,010 + 6.39 T(±80) J mol-1 The standard free energy changes associated with cell reactions agree with data in standard compilations within ±4 kJ mol-1. The results of this study do not support recent suggestions for a major revision in thermodynamic data for CaO

Machine Learning Techniques to Evaluate the Approximation of Utilization Power in Circuits

The need for products that are more streamlined, more useful, and have longer battery lives is rising in today's culture. More components are being integrated onto smaller, more complex chips in order to do this. The outcome is higher total power consumption as a result of increased power dissipation brought on by dynamic and static currents in integrated circuits (ICs). For effective power planning and the precise application of power pads and strips by floor plan engineers, estimating power dissipation at an early stage is essential. With more information about the design attributes, power estimation accuracy increases. For a variety of applications, including function approximation, regularization, noisy interpolation, classification, and density estimation, they offer a coherent framework. RBFNN training is also quicker than training multi-layer perceptron networks. RBFNN learning typically comprises of a linear supervised phase for computing weights, followed by an unsupervised phase for determining the centers and widths of the Gaussian basis functions. This study investigates several learning techniques for estimating the synaptic weights, widths, and centers of RBFNNs. In this study, RBF networks—a traditional family of supervised learning algorithms—are examined.  Using centers found using k-means clustering and the square norm of the network coefficients, respectively, two popular regularization techniques are examined. It is demonstrated that each of these RBF techniques are capable of being rewritten as data-dependent kernels. Due to their adaptability and quicker training time when compared to multi-layer perceptron networks, RBFNNs present a compelling option to conventional neural network models. Along with experimental data, the research offers a theoretical analysis of these techniques, indicating competitive performance and a few advantages over traditional kernel techniques in terms of adaptability (ability to take into account unlabeled data) and computing complexity. The research also discusses current achievements in using soft k-means features for image identification and other tasks

Role of social media during Kerala floods 2018

For almost 19 years social media has been used in crisis management. During the time of natural disasters like flood, earthquake or cyclone, when all the other modes of communications are found incapable, these social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube etc. are found to be the most efficient and beneficial. The present study discusses the role of social media during the Kerala Flood 2018. Results show that During the flood; Whatsapp, Facebook and Instagram are found to be used by majority of the respondents. Most of the respondents spend more than 3 hours on Whatsapp followed by Instagram and Facebook during the flood. For the information regarding the location status of friends and family, majority of respondents used Facebook followed by Whatsapp and Instagram. During the flood, majority of the respondents used the hashtag #Keralafloods, followed by #Keralafloodrelief, #cmdrf and #Keralaflood

Directionally asymmetric self-assembly of cadmium sulfide nanotubes using porous alumina nanoreactors: Need for chemohydrodynamic instability at the nanoscale

We explore nanoscale hydrodynamical effects on synthesis and self-assembly of cadmium sulfide nanotubes oriented along one direction. These nanotubes are synthesized by horizontal capillary flow of two different chemical reagents from opposite directions through nanochannels of porous anodic alumina which are used primarily as nanoreactors. We show that uneven flow of different chemical precursors is responsible for directionally asymmetric growth of these nanotubes. On the basis of structural observations using scanning electron microscopy, we argue that chemohydrodynamic convective interfacial instability of multicomponent liquid-liquid reactive interface is necessary for sustained nucleation of these CdS nanotubes at the edges of these porous nanochannels over several hours. However, our estimates clearly suggest that classical hydrodynamics cannot account for the occurrence of such instabilities at these small length scales. Therefore, we present a case which necessitates further investigation and understanding of chemohydrodynamic fluid flow through nanoconfined channels in order to explain the occurrence of such interfacial instabilities at nanometer length scales.Comment: 26 pages, 6 figures; http://www.iiserpune.ac.in/researchhighlight

Rational Design of Pore Size and Functionality in a Series of Isoreticular Zwitterionic Metal-Organic Frameworks

The isoreticular expansion and functionalization of charged-polarized porosity has been systematically explored by the rational design of 11 isostructural zwitterionic metal-organic frameworks (ZW-MOFs). This extended series of general structural composition {[M3F(L1)3(L2)1.5]·guests}n was prepared by employing the solvothermal reaction of Co and Ni tetrafluoroborates with a binary ligand system composed of zwitterionic pyridinium derivatives and traditional functionalized ditopic carboxylate auxiliary ligands (HL1·Cl = 1-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride, Hcpb·Cl; or 1-(4-carboxyphenyl-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium chloride, Hchpb·Cl; and H2L2 = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, H2bdc; 2-aminobenzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid, H2abdc; 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, H2dhbdc; biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, H2bpdc; or stilbene-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid, H2sdc). Single-crystal structure analyses revealed cubic crystal symmetry (I-43m, a = 31-36 Å) with a 3D pore system of significant void space (73-81%). The pore system features three types of pores being systematically tunable in size ranging from 17.4 to 18.8 Å (pore I), 8.2 to 12.8 Å (pore II), and 4.8 to 10.4 Å (pore III) by the choice of auxiliary ligands. All members of this series have noninterpenetrating structures and exhibit robust architectures, as evidenced by their permanent porosity and high thermal stability (up to 300 °C). The structural integrity and specific surface areas could be systematically optimized using supercritical CO2 exchange methods for framework activation resulting in BET surface areas ranging from 1250 to 2250 m2/g. Most interestingly, as a structural landmark, we found the pore surfaces lined with charge gradients employed by the pyridinium ligands. This key feature results in significant adsorption of carbon dioxide and methane which is attributed to polarization effects. With this contribution we pioneer the reticulation of pyridinium building blocks into extended zwitterionic networks in which specific properties can be targeted

Unusual metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma to larynx and hypopharynx a case report

BACKGROUND: Although direct infiltration of papillary carcinoma of thyroid to larynx, trachea and esophagus is well recognized, lymphatic and vascular metastases to larynx and hypopharynx have rarely been reported. CASE REPORT: A case of loco-regionally advanced papillary carcinoma of thyroid metastasizing to the hypopharynx and aryepiglottic fold is presented CONCLUSIONS: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PCT) is known for their indolent nature and erratic behavior. PCT commonly spreads through lymphatics and vascular spread is rare. However, when occurs it is usually to bone, brain, lungs and soft tissue. Therapeutic decisions in advanced thyroid malignancies are usually difficult especially when there is extra-nodal spread of the tumor. A judicious combination of surgical clearance combined with radioablation is the key to the management of such tumor