Assessment of Feed Resource Availability and Quality in Kedida Gamela District, Southern Ethiopia

Availability of major livestock feed resources, their chemical composition and balance between available feed resources and requirements of existing tropical livestock units (TLU) in Kedida Gamela district (Southern Ethiopia) were assessed. A survey was conducted on 100 sample households (HH) and data collected using group discussions, structured questionnaire and personal observations. Furthermore, chemical composition and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (IVDMD) of major feed resources identified (natural pasture and crop residues) were also determined. A total of 28,675 tonnes of DM were produced annually for a total of 40,080 TLU which satisfies only 31.4% of their maintenance requirement. Maize stover and wheat straw contain lowest ash and from agro-industrial by-products noug cake and wheat bran the highest ash content. The highest (p0.05) between the agro-industrial by-products. The highest acid detergent lignin content for roughage feed was recorded from maize stover to natural pasture and the highest from agro-industrial by-products was recorded from wheat bran to noug cake. Differences in IVDMD for major feed resources were not significant (P>0.05). The differences in nutrient composition and IVDMD of the feed resources in midland and highland followed similar trend, although there were slight differences in nutrient content and IVDMD of similar feedstuffs from the two altitudinal zones. In conclusion, the main feed resource is crop residues which are of low quality with high fiber content, low digestibility which may result in reduced livestock productivity and disease resistance. Chopping followed by soaking or ammonaition or urea treatment could be suggested to improve quality of the roughages

A Set of Non-Synthetic Test Systems of European LV Rural, LV Urban and Hybrid MV/LV Industrial Distribution Networks

In this article, the 3 sets of Real European test feeders: industrial which is integrated medium and low voltage, rural low voltage, and urban low voltage networks are proposed by using real data of GIS and smart meter readings obtained from a distribution company. The authors provide the real mathematical OpenDSS model of the three standards as master files with their corresponding real smart meter readings. Each of the three proposed networks has different network features. The industrial network is comprised of both medium and low voltage areas with 2888 nodes, 777 buses, and 556 lines. It addresses 165 low voltage and 27 medium voltage industrial customers using 22 distribution transformers. In the rural network, there are 18599 nodes, 4650 buses, and 4291 lines to supply 2731 end customers. While 26951 nodes, 6738 buses, and 5905 lines are found in the urban network that electrifies 35297 low voltage customers. For rural and urban networks 68 distribution transformers are used in each of the networks to address their customers with both single and three phase systems.The movement of decarbonization leads to comprise several advanced and smart devices at electricity society and enhancing the application demand response systems. Mainly, deployment of different flexible devices such as EV, heat pump, distribution generation in the distribution system takes the existing systemto higher level of complication. Hence, that drives distribution grid system to enter to revolutionary transition which is digitalization of the system, to enable real time management of distribution system as it is undergoingthrough huge complexity. Such systems requires real mathematical model of distribution network therefore this three different test cases are developed. Majority of the existing test systems are synthetic and not representing the real system of the European network. In addition to being limited quantitative wise and for a specific problem solving, their is a lack of integrated real European testcase which incorporates both the low voltage and medium voltage networks. To fill the gap authors develop the test feeders that address industrial, rural and urban areas which is significantly important for researchers. Here, the corresponding OpenDSS model and demand profiles extracted from smart meters of each standards archived in their 'Master'and 'PQ_csv' folders, respectively. The detail description about the data set and all the development are containedin a paper with the same title of the dataset that it is under review and will be linked to this dataset.THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOV

Catalysis of linear alkene metathesis by Grubbs-type ruthenium alkylidene complexes containing hemilabile α,α-diphenyl-(monosubstituted-pyridin-2-yl)methanolato ligands

Four new Grubbs-type precatalysts [RuCl(H2IMes)(O^N)(=CHPh)], where [O^N = α,α-diphenyl-(3-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanolato, α,α-diphenyl-(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanolato, α,α-diphenyl-(5-methylpyridin-2-yl)methanolato and α,α-diphenyl-(3-methoxypyridin-2-yl)methanolato] were synthesized and tested for their activity, stability and selectivity in the 1-octene metathesis reaction. Overall the precatalysts showed good activity and high stability for the metathesis of 1-octene at temperatures above 80 °C and up to 110 °C. Selectivities towards the primary metathesis products, i.e., 7-tetradecene and ethene, above 85% were obtained with all the precatalysts at 80 and 90 °C. High selectivities were also observed at 100 °C for the 4-Me- and 3-OMe-substituted precatalysts. With an increase in temperature an increase in isomerisation products and secondary metathesis products were observed with the latter reaching values >20% for the 3-OMe- and 3-Me-substituted precatalysts at 110 and 100 °C, respectively. All the precatalysts exhibits first-order kinetics at 80 °C with the 3-substituted precatalysts the slowest. The behaviour of the 3-substituted precatalysts can be attributed to electronic and steric effects associated with the adjacent bulky phenyl groups

Odour attractants for Glossina pallidipes in south-western Ethiopia

Results of a study conducted to compare the effectiveness of combinations of odour attractants and the Ngn and bicenical traps in the Ghibe river valley, Ethiopia. Includes data on catches of male & female G. pallidipes with bicenical & Ngn traps using acetone & con unine, hoppo dung, pig urine, and 1-octen-3-01

Synthesis and application of novel ruthenium catalysts for high temperature alkene metathesis

Four pyridinyl alcohols and the corresponding hemilabile pyridinyl alcoholato ruthenium carbene complexes of the Grubbs second generation-type RuCl(H2IMes)(O^N)(=CHPh), where O^N = 1-(2′-pyridinyl)-1,1-diphenyl methanolato, 1-(2′-pyridinyl)-1-(2′-chlorophenyl),1-phenyl methanolato, 1-(2′-pyridinyl)-1-(4′-chlorophenyl),1-phenyl methanolato and 1-(2′-pyridinyl)-1-(2′-methoxyphenyl),1-phenyl methanolato, are synthesized in very good yields. At high temperatures, the precatalysts showed high stability, selectivity and activity in 1-octene metathesis compared to the Grubbs first and second generation precatalysts. The 2-/4-chloro- and 4-methoxy-substituted pyridinyl alcoholato ligand-containing ruthenium precatalysts showed high performance in the 1-octene metathesis reaction in the range 80–110 °C. The hemilabile 4-methoxy-substituted pyridinyl alcoholato ligand improved the catalyst stability, activity and selectivity for 1-octene metathesis significantly at 110 °