Efek Anti Hiperkolesterolemik Karagenan Rumput Laut Dalam Diet Terhadap Plasma Lipid Tikus Putih

Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang cukup serius, di USA, Eropa, dan Indonesia masing-masing 52, 49, dan 23,39% kematian disebabkan oleh PJK yang terjadi karena adanya penyempitan pembuluh darah kapiler akibat penimbunan lipid. PJK dapat dicegah dengan mengonsumsi makanan berserat seperti rumput laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terbaik dari komposisi tepung karagenan rumput laut spesies Eucheuma cottonii yang ditambahkan ke dalam diet terhadap profil kolesterol total, LDL (low density lipoprotein), HDL (high density lipoprotein), dan trigliserida dalam serum darah tikus putih Sprague dawley yang berkaitan dengan hiperkolesterolemik. 16 ekor tikus jantan dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok dan masing-masing diadaptasi dengan diet standar selama satu minggu. Selanjutnya tikus diberi diet standar kuning telur bebek (5mL/ekor/hari) selama tiga minggu hingga tikus mencapai kondisi hiperkolesterolemik (total kolesterol plasma >300 mg/dL). Selanjutnya kelompok tikus diberi diet perlakuan selama tiga minggu dengan diet tanpa karagenan (Ko), 5% karagenan (K1), 10% karagenan (K2), 15% karagenan (K3). Setiap selesai masa adaptasi, praperlakuan, dan perlakuan dilakukan analisis profil lipid. Hasil analisis profil lipid plasma darah tikus menunjukkan bahwa karagenan dalam diet dapat memperbaiki profil lipid plasma darah tikus. Pengaruh terbaik diberikan oleh diet yang mengandung 10% karagenan (K2). Kolesterol total, LDL, dan trigliserida mengalami penurunan masing-masing sebesar 47,76, 62,63, dan 42,01% sedangkan kolesterol HDL meningkat sebesar 94,94%

Menanamkan Nilai-nilai Entrepreneurship melalui Pendidikan Ekonomi pada Era Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN

: Instilling Entrepreneurship Values through Economic Education in the Era of the ASEAN Economic Community. Entrepreneurship has a dominant role to push economic activities at any level -- locally, regionally as well as globally. The dynamic entrepreneurs affect the economic growth and prosperity. Entrepreneurs who have a spirit of leadership and entrepreneurial spirit will lead the economic revolution to raise living standards. Under AEC the values of entrepreneurship, such as creative, innovative, tough, responsible, and optimistic, should always be instilled to the younger generation, especially through Economic Education. The Role of Economic Education is needed to prepare the young people to actively participate to positive economy activities

Model Pembelajaran Guided Note Taking Berbantuan Media Chemo-edutainment Pada Materi Pokok Koloid

Penelitian eksperimen ini bertujuan mengetahui apakah penerapan model pembelajaran guided note taking berbantuan media CET untuk materi pokok Koloid efektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan persentase ketuntasan belajar klasikal kelas kontrol adalah 70% dan ketuntasan belajar kelas eksperimen adalah 92.86%.  hasil uji t-tes menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen berdasarkan nilai rata-rata hasil belajarnya. Respon siswa terhadap penerapan model pembelajaran dan media tersebut adalah positip karena lebih menarik, menantang, dan menghibur.This experiment research is aimed to find out the effectiveness of the application of Guided Note Taking learning model for Colloid material. The result shows that the percentage of control group’s classical completeness is 70% and experiment group’s is 92.86%. T-test result shows that there is a significant difference between learning result average of control group and experiment group. The students give positive response to this learning model because they think this is more interesting, challenging, and entertaining

Conserve Epitopes of Influenza Virus Induce Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Produce Specific Antibody Against M2e Protein

The existing vaccines against influenza are based onthe generation of neutralizing antibody primarilydirected against surface protein, haemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase (NA). However, antigenicdrift and occasional shift of these two membraneglycoproteins, HA and NA, make vaccine productioncumbersome and necessitate yearly revision ofthe vaccine seed strains by the World HealthOrganization. For these reasons, many investigatorshave often tried to look at the possibility of generatinga universal vaccine useful against more than oneinfluenza strain. The objective of research was toobtain an alternative antigen as vaccine candidatefor universal flu vaccination, instead of HA and NAcomponents. In this study, we use conserved epitopeM2e which is consist of three major componentsuch as N-terminal M2e2-24 (24 amino acids),transmembrane(59 amino acids) and C-terminal (19amino acids). We design two components of antigen,linier and branched structures. The antigens thenformulated with aluminium hydroxide gel comparedto FCA/IFA adjuvant. These vaccines were testedtheir immunogenicity, and the potency to mature thedendritic cells for stimulating either CD8+ T cell orantibody-mediated immune responses. The antibodytitre and the maturity of dendritic cell indicated bycytokines concentration such as; IFN-ã, IL2 and IL4were measured by ELISA test.The result of researchshowed that the conserved epitope of Me2 2-16 whenincorporated with P25 protein from canine distempervirus (linear structure) in alhydrogel adjuvant hasgreater potential to produce anti-M2e antibodiesthan in Freund adjuvant. Alhydrogel adjuvant hada stronger effect than Freund adjuvant. Alhydrogelalso stimulate the release of IL-2 and IL-4

Influence of melt feeding scheme and casting parameters during direct-chill casting on microstructure of an AA7050 billet

© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2012Direct-chill (DC) casting billets of an AA7050 alloy produced with different melt feeding schemes and casting speeds were examined in order to reveal the effect of these factors on the evolution of microstructure. Experimental results show that grain size is strongly influenced by the casting speed. In addition, the distribution of grain sizes across the billet diameter is mostly determined by melt feeding scheme. Grains tend to coarsen towards the center of a billet cast with the semi-horizontal melt feeding, while upon vertical melt feeding the minimum grain size was observed in the center of the billet. Computer simulations were preformed to reveal sump profiles and flow patterns during casting under different melt feeding schemes and casting speeds. The results show that solidification front and velocity distribution of the melt in the liquid and slurry zones are very different under different melt feeding scheme. The final grain structure and the grain size distribution in a DC casting billet is a result of a combination of fragmentation effects in the slurry zone and the cooling rate in the solidification range

Pola Perubahan Spasial Daerah Pinggiran Kota (Urban Fringe)

Urban development pressure have not resulted in the spatial transformation of urban center but also urban fringe area. The spatial transformation of urban fringe area can be seen in the growth of urban area which is represented by the escalation of the conversion of agricultural land into non-agricultural land that is dominated by housing area.This research is focused in analyzing spatial transformation pattern that is occured in urban fringe area. The analysis was conducted by graphical and visual analyses of macro level and making comparisons of villages in relation to the local social-structure

Kebijakan Perencanaan Tata Ruang Dan Pemberdayaan Potensi Daerah Di Indonesia

The massive spatial expansion of the city into the fringe area has caused many problems mainly related to the spatial exploitation in both city and villages surrounding. The problem is also caused by the city development which its pace can not compete with the population growth. The aim of this study is to formulate the policy planning of spatial arrangement for the region potential empowerment. The spatial planning itself is directed to control and support in formulating spatial policy that should be efficient, effective and proportional. The descriptive method with field observation approach and literature survey is used to obtain the data The result of the study pointed that the empoyerment of the region pou\u27er have to be supported by the spatial planning policy formulation which means that (1) spatial arrangement must put human and space in bolistical point of view and bonding the social values together(2) the urban-rural lingkages concept must put in a priorityforformulating the internal spatial structure of regional planning and to empower villages as growth poles(3) the spatial planning process has to be able to gain the best possibility of spatial arrangement where the pattern and distribution of space can ensure the existence of the city and village(4) spatial planning have to accommodate spatial structure(5) the application of spatial planning have to be based on self-contained power of the region y hich put the bottom-up concept in a priority(6) the spatial planning product have to be directed to the solid effort for future spatial usage

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Penginduksi Metanol Serta"sumber Karbon Sorbitol Dan Monitol Terhadap Produksi A-amilase Saccharomycopsis Fibuligera R64 Dalam Pichia Pastoris

Pichia pastoris has been widely used as host for heterologous protein expression for commercial purposes. The advantages of P. pastoris as protein expression host is its ability to grow with high cell density and the presence of a gene promoter that canbe induced tightly, named AOXI encoding alcohol oxidase. Improvement of recombinant protein production under control of AOXI promoter in P. pastoris expression system is still a major concern. Optimization of methanol concentration as inducerand addition of carbon sources, is one of the strategies to improve the expression level. This research aims to study the effect of methanol as inducer as well as sorbitol and mannitol as additional carbon source to the expression level of recombinantSaccharomycopsis fibuligera a-amylase (Sfamy) by P. pastoris (Mut). Sorbitol and manuot known as non-repressive carbon source, to increase the growth ofP. past oris, but not inhibit the AOX1 promoter and foreign proteins expression. Sfamy was expressed in P. pastoris GS115 (His-, Mut) with addition ofcarbon source, sorbitol and mannitol saparately to the expression medium. The result showed that, the optimum concentration" of methanol inducer for Sfamy production is 0.75%. The addition of sorbitol or mannitol increased Sfamy production. Concentrations of sorbitol and mannitol 2% with0.75% methanol inducer increase the secretion level of recombinant Sfamy 2.13 times and 1.94 times respectively, compared with no additional carbon source. This result indicated that addition of carbon source can improved recombinant protein production by P. pastoris, and the used of sorbitol as additionalcarbon source is more effective compared to mannitol