12 research outputs found
Is Hyperuricemia Overlooked when Treating Pediatric Tuberculosis Patients with Pyrazinamide?
The treatment of tuberculosis (TB) requires long-term multiple drug use.
Hyperuricemia is frequently reported in adults, but there are few data
for the pediatric population. This study aimed to review drug-related
side effects in pediatric patients that received treatment for TB.
Patients with active TB undergoing treatment were followed for
drug-related side effects. During the 7 year period, 23 patients with a
mean age of 7.9 +/- 4.66 years were treated. Drug-related side effects
were observed in 14 patients. Hyperuricemia occurred in 12 of the 14
patients, vs. hepatotoxicity in 2. In all, eight of the patients with
hyperuricemia had >= 2 episodes during pyrazinamide (PZA) therapy. Based
on these findings, we devised an algorithm that could be used for the
management of hyperuricemia in patients receiving PZA because of TB, and
recommend that hyperuricemia be closely monitored during PZA therapy
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety among children with cystic fibrosis and their mothers
Background We aimed to evaluate anxiety among children with cystic
fibrosis (CF) and their mothers related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods A total of 45 patients with CF and their mothers were enrolled
in the study together with 90 age-matched healthy children and their
mothers as a control group. The State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)
was administered by teleconference with children aged 13 to 18 years old
and their mothers. The STAI for children was administered with children
aged 9 to 12 years. Results were compared with age-matched healthy
children and their mothers. The relationship between anxiety scores of
children with CF and their mothers was evaluated by comparing with
clinical data of children with CF. At the conclusion of the
teleconference, mothers were asked whether their anxiety had changed as
a result of the interview. Results It was found that healthy children
aged 13 to 18 years had higher state anxiety scores than age-matched
children with CF. Mothers of children with CF had higher trait anxiety
scores, especially those of children aged 0 to 12 years, than mothers of
healthy children (P < .05). For mothers of children with CF, state
anxiety scores were higher among those whose children had
chronicPseudomonasinfection (P < .05). Most mothers of children with CF
stated that their anxiety decreased following the interview. Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic may increase anxiety among mothers of children
with CF as well those with healthy children. However, COVID-19 had no
effect on the anxiety of children with CF. Informing parents of children
with CF about COVID-19 by teleconference may decrease anxiety
Barriers to Timely Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis Via Newborn Screening in Turkey
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Developmental regulation of expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in the primate hippocampal formation
The hippocampal formation is essential for normal memory function and is implicated in many neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, abnormalities in hippocampal structure and function have been identified in schizophrenic subjects. Schizophrenia has a strong polygenic component, but the role of numerous susceptibility genes in normal brain development and function has yet to be investigated. Here we described the expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in distinct regions of the monkey hippocampal formation during early postnatal development. We found that, as compared with other genes, schizophrenia susceptibility genes exhibit a differential regulation of expression in the dentate gyrus, CA3 and CA1, over the course of postnatal development. A number of these genes involved in synaptic transmission and dendritic morphology exhibit a developmental decrease of expression in CA3. Abnormal CA3 synaptic organization observed in schizophrenics might be related to some specific symptoms, such as loosening of association. Interestingly, changes in gene expression in CA3 might occur at a time possibly corresponding to the late appearance of the first clinical symptoms. We also found earlier changes in expression of schizophrenia susceptibility genes in CA1, which might be linked to prodromal psychotic symptoms. A number of schizophrenia susceptibility genes including APOE, BDNF, MTHFR and SLC6A4 are involved in other disorders, and thus likely contribute to nonspecific changes in hippocampal structure and function that must be combined with the dysregulation of other genes in order to lead to schizophrenia pathogenesis
Persistent tachypnea of infancy: Follow up at school age
Background Persistent tachypnea of infancy (PTI) is a rare pediatric
lung disease of unknown origin. The diagnosis can be made by clinical
presentation and chest high resolution computed tomography after
exclusion of other causes. Clinical courses beyond infancy have rarely
been assessed. Methods Patients included in the Kids Lung Register
diagnosed with PTI as infants and now older than 5 years were
identified. Initial presentation, extrapulmonary comorbidities,
spirometry and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results Thirty-five
children older than 5 years with PTI diagnosed as infants were analyzed.
At the age of 5 years, 74\% of the patients were reported as
asymptomatic and did not develope new symptoms during the observational
period at school-age (mean, 3.9 years; range, 0.3-6.3). At the age of
about 10 years, none of the symptomatic children had abnormal oxygen
saturation during sleep or exercise anymore. Lung function tests and
breathing frequency were within normal values throughout the entire
observational period. Conclusions PTI is a pulmonary disease that can
lead to respiratory insufficiency in infancy. As at school age most of
the previously chronically affected children became asymptomatic and did
not develop new symptoms. We conclude that the overall clinical course
is favorable
Dissociative Identity Disorder Among Adolescents: Prevalence in a University Psychiatric Outpatient Unit
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dissociative identity disorder (DID) and other dissociative disorders among adolescent psychiatric outpatients. A total of 116 consecutive outpatients between 11 and 17 years of age who were admitted to the child and adolescent psychiatry clinic of a university hospital for the 1st time were evaluated using the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale, adolescent version of the Child Symptom Inventory-4, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and McMaster Family Assessment Device. All patients were invited for an interview with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D) administered by 2 senior psychiatrists in a blind fashion. There was excellent interrater reliability between the 2 clinicians on SCID-D diagnoses and scores. Among 73 participants, 33 (45.2%) had a dissociative disorder: 12 (16.4%) had DID, and 21 (28.8%) had dissociative disorder not otherwise specified. There was no difference in gender distribution, childhood trauma, or family dysfunction scores between the dissociative and nondissociative groups. Childhood emotional abuse and family dysfunction correlated with self-reported dissociation. Of the dissociative adolescents, 93.9% had an additional psychiatric disorder. Among them, only separation anxiety disorder was significantly more prevalent than in controls. Although originally designed for adults, the SCID-D is promising for diagnosing dissociative disorders in adolescents, its modest congruence with self-rated dissociation and lack of relationship between diagnosis and childhood trauma and family dysfunction suggest that the prevalence rates obtained with this instrument originally designed for adults must be replicated. The introduction of diagnostic criteria for adolescent DID in revised versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, would refine the assessment of dissociative disorders in this age group