The Independence Judge Verdict in Tax Dispute Resolution

Tax tribunal as a specialized court exercising judicial powers to investigate and adjudicate tax disputes still using a system of dualism coaching, because until now there has been no revision or amendment of Law No. 2 of 2002 on the Tax tribunal. Independence and freedom of the Tax tribunal judge in deciding tax disputes must uphold justice, and not subject to and bound by any party. This research using theory of Justice based on the Pancasila. Grand Theory, theory of the State of Law as the Middle Range Theory and an Independent Judicial Power Theory. Applied Theory. This research was conducted using a normative juridical. Based on the research results show that the Tax tribunal judge in examining and deciding tax disputes has been carrying out its obligations which reflect the independence and the independence of judges and impartially and has fulfilled the principles of independent judicial power, in accordance with the provisions of Article 24 of the 1945 Constitution

A pharmacovigilance study of anti-depressant agents in psychiatric patients at a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Anti-depressant drugs have great benefit in treating a many psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, although all these drugs are associated with many potential adverse effects. In this study, the occurrence of adverse effects like weight gain, sleep disturbances, dry mouth were assessed and reported in drug naïve patients Anti-depressant drugs.Methods: It is a prospective observational study of patients attending Psychiatry department in NRI General Hospital of age 10 to 80 years who were prescribed with anti-depressant drugs. The study was conducted for a period of 8 months from June 2018 to February 2018.Results: Among 86 patients prescribed with antidepressants, the occurrence of adverse drug reactions due to antidepressants was 60.78% with Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors being the most common class of drugs implicated for adverse drug reactions followed by 24.49% with Tricyclic antidepressants. A total of 51 adverse drug reactions were noted of which weight gain was most common, closely followed by sleep disturbances and drowsiness. Out of 52 adverse drug reactions assessed for causality, 88.2% of the adverse drug reactions cases were probable, while 11.7% were possible. According to Hartwig and Siegel’s Scale 84.3% of the cases are found to be mild, 15.68% moderate.Conclusions: The study allows knowing information about the occurrence and pattern of adverse drug reactions associated with Anti-depressant drugs in the population thus reducing its incidence and protecting the user population from available harm

Clinical evaluation of shankhapani rasa in the management of kashtartava (dysmenorrhoea)

Menstrual pain which is severe enough to limit normal activities is termed as Kashtartava (dysmenorrhoea). Dysmenorrhoea is the most common gynecological problem faced by women due to abnormal anatomical and functional aspect of uterus, pschycosomatic factors, release of prostaglandins, pelvic congestion etc. Shankhapani Rasa which is a Herbo-Mineral formulation posses all the contents having vatahara and gulmahara properties.The clinal Study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Shankhapani Rasa in patients suffering from Kashtartava by selecting 30 patients who attended the O.P.D. and I.P.D. of S.V.Ayurvedic Hospital Tirupathi during the period 2011-2012. Patients were given Shankhapani Rasa in a dose of 125mg capsules twice in a day for 1 month randomly and effect was evaluated on pre-test and post-test design.Statistically significant (p<0.01) results were seen in Subjective symptoms like pain during menstruation and duration of pain giving a conclusion that Shankhapani Rasa is effective in the management of Kashtartava

Prospective study of pulse therapy in childhood pemphigus disorders

Background: Pemphigus disorders are a group of immunobullous diseases affecting skin and/or mucus membranes. Dexamethasone cyclophosphamide pulse (DCP)/dexamethasone only pulse (DOP) therapy has shown promising results in the management of pemphigus group of diseases in adults. Aim: To evaluate the outcome of pulse therapy (PT) in pediatric cases diagnosed with pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Materials and Methods: Prospective study of 12 pediatric cases of PV from 2010 to 2015 and treated with PT in Gandhi Hospital. The patients were treated with DOP therapy, with a dose of 50 mg of dexamethasone in 250 ml of 5% dextrose in pediatric patients below the age of 12 years and 100 mg of dexamethasone in 500 ml of 5% dextrose for above 12 years, for three consecutive days. No interpulse steroids or rituximab were given to any patients in our study. Results: Out of 12 cases, 10 were female and 2 were male children. Four cases were below the age of 12 years and 8 cases were above the age of 12 years. The lowest age was 11 years female and highest age was 16 years male child. Average duration of illness is between 4 and 6 months. Six cases completed three phases, four cases were in phase II cycle 7, and two cases were in phase IV. In majority of cases clinical improvement was observed between 2 and 4 pulses in phase I. No significant adverse effects were observed in any case except in two cases who developed headache, shivering, and nausea in first one to two pulses of phase I and managed conservatively. Conclusion: Our study shows that PT gives good response in the management of pemphigus in children, in terms of remission and side effects. There was no significant major adverse effect as observed in adults. In low-resource centers such as government institution, PT would be one option. Further studies and long-term follow-up are required to weigh the risks and benefits of PT in pediatric age group

Fixed-bed adsorption performance and empirical modelingof cadmium removal using adsorbent prepared from the cyanobacterium Aphanothece sp cultivar

© 2020 Elsevier B.V. Water contamination by cadmium (Cd), which is a toxic heavy metal widely used in many industrial processes, is a pervasive environmental problem. This study investigated the removal of Cd by dry cyanobacterium Aphanothece sp cultivar in adsorption columns The effect of inlet Cd concentrations (1.00 – 4.85mg/L), flow rates (0.30-0.60 L/h) and bed height (4.6 -7.2 cm) on the breakthrough characteristics of the adsorption column was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity and efficiency were found to be 8.20 mg/g and 89.07 %, respectively with a flow rate of 0.60 L/h and 4.85 mg/L inlet concentration of Cd. The fixed bed adsorption data were fitted to three well known fixed bed empirical models namely Thomas, Adam–Bohart and Yoon–Nelson. The experimental results well fitted with the models mentioned above with R2 of greater than 0.98 at different conditions. The regeneration efficiency of benthic cyanobacterium Aphanothece sp cultivar based adsorbent was studied using 0.1 M HCl. Repetitive adsorption–regeneration experiment show that, at the end of the fifth cycle, the desorption efficiency decreased by 21%. Thus, further research is necessary to improve the reusability of dried biomass of cyanobacterium Aphanothece sp adsorbent

BIOTEKNOLOGI TEORI DAN APLIKASI

Bioteknologi merupakan cabang ilmu biologi yang mempelajari pemanfaatan makhluk hidup (bakteri, fungi, virus, dan lain-lain) maupun produk dari makhluk hidup (enzim, alkohol, antibiotik, asam organik) dalam proses produksi untuk menghasilkan barang dan jasa yang dapat digunakan oleh manusia. Dewasa ini, perkembangan bioteknologi tidak hanya didasari pada biologi semata, tetapi juga pada ilmu-ilmu terapan dan murni lainnya, seperti biokimia, komputer, biologi molekular, mikrobiologi, genetika, kimia, matematika, dan lain sebagainya. Dengan kata lain, bioteknologi adalah ilmu terapan yang menggabungkan berbagai cabang ilmu dalam proses produksi barang dan jasa. Bioteknologi secara sederhana sudah dikenal oleh manusia sejak ribuan tahun yang lalu. Buku ini di awali dengan penyajian bahasan mengenai pengertian dan ruang lingkup serta prinsip dasar dan perkembangan bioteknologi yang dilanjutkan dengan bioteknologi konvensional, hibridisasi dan fermentasi serta bioteknologi modern (kloning dan rekayasa genetika pada hewan ternak) kemudian rekayasa genetika pada tumbuhan, bioteknologi di bidang makanan dan minuman serta bioteknologi untuk peningkatan produktivitas hutan dan bioteknologi dalam bidang lingkungan lebih mendalam membahas bioteknologi dalam bidang kesehatan dan ilmu forensic serta bioteknologi dalam bidang sumber daya energi dan etika, risiko bioteknologi

Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Background: We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world’s largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods: The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions: Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ~30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death