Impacts of Prisons in Rural Communities: Economic and Social Factors

Rural communities in the United States have been declining economically for the past four decades. Some local government officials have seen prisons as a golden opportunity to revitalize their economies. Why and how do local officials decide to invest in prisons? What process do local officials go through to decide to invest in prisons? What are the economic impacts associated with a prison siting? What effects do stigmas associated with prisons have on the residents living in the community? I argue that prisons provide a short term economic gain for rural communities by providing jobs for the residents, thus boosting the economy. I also argue that over time the economy will reach a plateau and start to decline as result of the stigmas associated with the prison siting. I will test this argument using quantitative analysis of national prison data and I will also test this argument using qualitative analysis of an original single case study of Millen, Georgia

Study of histomorphological pattern of ovarian neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions

Background: The ovary is a striking exception to the Virchow’s dictum that organs that are frequently the site of primary cancer are rarely involved in secondary malignancy, and vice versa. Both primary and secondary carcinomas of the ovary are relatively frequent and show an astounding variety of pathologic patterns. The objectives were to study the histomorphological diversity of various neoplasms and non neoplastic lesions of ovary. To provide a specific diagnosis based upon the histomorphological study which is of paramount clinical significance in further management of the patient.Methods: The present study is based on histomorphological evaluation of 100 cases of ovarian neoplastic and non neoplastic lesions received at the department of Pathology, tertiary care hospital from June 2008 to Aug 2010.Results: A wide variation of age was noted. Among neoplastic lesions, majority of the cases were seen in age group of 20-39 years i.e., 50.6%. Non neoplastic lesion occurred in all age group, but majority of the incidences were seen in the age group of 20 to 40 years of age, accounting for 60% of total occurrence. the commonest ovarian tumor was serous cyst adenoma constituting 54.1% (46 cases) of all ovarian neoplasm. Mucinous cyst adenoma was the second most common tumor. There were 72 cases (85%) of benign, 2 cases (2%) of borderline and 11 cases (13%) of malignant tumors in the present study.Conclusions: The diversity of neoplasms makes it mandatory to classify the tumors accurately by histopathological features following universally accepted classification

Aerial-terrestrial communications: terrestrial cooperation and energy-efficient transmissions to aerial-base stations

Hybrid aerial-terrestrial communication networks based on low-altitude platforms are expected to meet optimally the urgent communication needs of emergency relief and recovery operations for tackling large-scale natural disasters. The energy-efficient operation of such networks is important given that the entire network infrastructure, including the battery-operated ground terminals, exhibits requirements to operate under power-constrained situations. In this paper, we discuss the design and evaluation of an adaptive cooperative scheme intended to extend the survivability of the battery-operated aerial-terrestrial communication links. We propose and evaluate a real-time adaptive cooperative transmission strategy for dynamic selection between direct and cooperative links based on the channel conditions for improved energy efficiency. We show that the cooperation between mobile terrestrial terminals on the ground could improve energy efficiency in the uplink, depending on the temporal behavior of the terrestrial and aerial uplink channels. The corresponding delay in having cooperative (relay-based) communications with relay selection is also addressed. The simulation analysis corroborates that the adaptive transmission technique improves overall energy efficiency of the network whilst maintaining low latency, enabling real-time applications

Exposure to NO2 in occupational built environments in urban centre in Lahore

Increased economic growth, urbanisation and substantial rise in automobile vehicles has contributed towards the elevated levels of air pollution in major cities in Pakistan. Aone week study was conducted by using passive samplers to assess NO2 concentration in occupational built environments at two most congested and populated sites of Lahore. Both sites were locatedon the busy roads of Lahore. At Site-I the highest concentration was in outdoors followed by corridor and indoor. While at Site II all the sampling location wereindoors and level were comparable to that of outdoor levelsat Site I. The results suggest the likely contribution of ambient sources in exposure to indoor NO2 in educational and other occupational built environments in urban centres

Induction of Pathogenesis Related Proteins and Phenol in Chickpea Plants Treated with Bio-Agents in Response to Infection by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri

Soil and seed treatments with bio-agents, bio root care (BRC), non pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum (NFo) and Rhizobium leguminisarum (R.l) indicated induced acquired resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) in chickpea plants. This induced resistance was manifested by the accumulation of phenols and pathogenesis related protein in treated plants compared with control treatments (BRC, NFo and R.l and plants inoculated with the pathogen alone and untreated plants). Significantly (p=0.05), the highest rate of accumulation of phenols, 286.5µg gfw-1 and peroxidase activity, 68.3min-1 gfw-1 when soil was treated with NFo before inoculation with Foc compared with  other test treatments. Maximum accumulation of phenols, 228.0 µg gfw-1 was at day 5 after Foc inoculation, and maximum peroxidase activity 62.3 min-1 gfw-1 was at day 4 after Foc inoculation. The highest rate of phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity was scored when seeds were treated with BRC and NFo with no significant differences. PAL activity was 139.6 for BRC and 141.3 nM cinnamic acid min-1 gfw-1 for NFo and scored maximum activity of 99.7 nM cinnamic acid min-1 gfw-1 at day 5 after Foc inoculation. The highest rate of glucanase activity was 33.5 µM min-1 gfw-1 when seeds were treated with BRC compared with other test treatments and scored maximum activity of 29.0 and 29.5 µM min.-1 gfw-1 at day 4 and 5, respectively, after Foc inoculation

Related Party Transactions and firm value: the role of governance mechanism

The research on Related Party Transactions (R.P.T.s) shows that the impact of R.P.T.s is context dependent and there is no consensus on the findings of available studies. This study aims to examine the impact of R.P.T.s on firm value in Indian context and the interaction effect of governance mechanism on the relationship between R.P.T.s and firm value. A sample of 2,294 firms consisting of 685 group affiliated firms and 1,609 standalone firms for a period of 2014–2021 has been selected and panel data regression method has been applied for testing the hypotheses. The empirical findings of the study support the transaction efficiency hypothesis that R.P.T.s in India do not expropriate the interest of minority shareholders and these transactions enhance efficiency of the firm by reducing transaction cost, enforcing optimal business contracts and effectively allocating resources between affiliated firms. The findings of the study also provide significant contribution to the literature by examining the interaction effect of governance mechanism on the relationship between R.P.T.s and firm value

Rotating 5D-Kaluza-Klein Space-Times from Invariant Transformations

Using invariant transformations of the five-dimensional Kaluza-Klein (KK) field equations, we find a series of formulae to derive axial symmetric stationary exact solutions of the KK theory starting from static ones. The procedure presented in this work allows to derive new exact solutions up to very simple integrations. Among other results, we find exact rotating solutions containing magnetic monopoles, dipoles, quadripoles, etc., coupled to scalar and to gravitational multipole fields.Comment: 24 pages, latex, no figures. To appear in Gen. Rel. Grav., 32, (2000), in pres