Mejoras del conformance en procesos de inyección de agua - Consideraciones prácticas y lecciones aprendidas

El Conformance es comúnmente conocido como la acción que optimiza la eficiencia del fluido inyectado durante un proceso de recuperación mejorada de petróleo. Este trabajo técnico destaca las lecciones aprendidas por los autores, en base a su experiencia con una de las tecnologías de conformance más utilizadas y exitosas en campo, como lo es la de geles de polímero o geles obturantes, los cuales se forman al combinar cromo (III)-carboxilato, polímero (poliacrilamida) y agua (CC/AP). Hasta la fecha, los autores han participado directamente en el análisis, selección de candidatos, diseño, aplicación de campo y evaluación de resultados en más de 700 tratamientos de conformance. Una mirada retrospectiva a los primeros diseños y aplicaciones de campo, en comparación a las aplicaciones más recientes, muestra claramente que se han logrado implementar cambios o mejoras a los diseños y su aplicación en campo con la finalidad de obtener mejores resultados con este tipo de tratamientos. Estos cambios se han producido gradualmente a lo largo del tiempo a medida que las nuevas lecciones aprendidas se aplican en los nuevos tratamientos.Conformance improvement is commonly referred to as the action of improving the drive-fluid sweep efficiency during an oil- recovery flooding operation. This technical note highlights the authors lessons learned during the field application of one of the most widely used and quite successful conformance technologies, which is Cr(III)-carboxylate/acrylamide-polymer (CC/AP). To date, the authors have been involved in the analysis, candidate selection, design, field application and post-treatment evaluation of ±700 injection well treatments over the last 25 years. A look back to the earliest treatment designs and field applications as compared to the more recent applications, clearly shows that we have made advancements to achieve better and more consistent results. These changes have occurred gradually over time as new lessons learned are continuously applied to improve treatment strategies and results

Malaria and Dengue mosquito vectors from Lao PDR show a lack of the rdl mutant allele responsible for cyclodiene insecticide resistance

The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, RDL, plays important roles in neuronal signalling and is the target of highly effective insecticides. A mutation in RDL, commonly A296S, underlies resistance to several insecticides such as cyclodienes. Even though the use of cyclodienes has been banned, the occurrence of mutations substituting A296 is notably high in mosquitoes from several countries. Here we report a survey investigating the prevalence of the Rdl mutant allele in mosquitoes from Laos, a country where mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and dengue fever are health concerns. Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes were collected from twelve provinces in Laos. Adult bioassays on Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) showed that all the populations tested were susceptible to dieldrin (4%) following WHO protocols. Exon 7 from a total of 791 mosquitoes was sequenced to identify the amino acid encoded for at 296 of RDL. Only one of these mosquitoes, Anopheles maculatus rampae (Diptera: Culicidae) from Attapeu, carried the mutant allele being heterozygous for A296S. We therefore found a general lack of the Rdl mutant allele indicating that mosquitoes from Laos are not exposed to insecticides that act on the GABA receptor compared to mosquitoes in several other countries. Identifying the prevalence of the Rdl mutation may help inform the potential use of alternative insecticides that act on the GABA receptor should there be a need to replace pyrethroids in order to prevent/manage resistance

Maize genetics Committee on Outreach, Diversity, Inclusion, and Education (CODIE) 2020-2021 update.

Virtual meeting

Studies of the polymer CR-39 and other nuclear track recording plastics

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D67057/86 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo