4,845 research outputs found
Spin and angular momentum in the nucleon
Using the covariant spectator theory (CST), we present the results of a
valence quark-diquark model calculation of the nucleon structure function f(x)
measured in unpolarized deep inelastic scattering (DIS), and the structure
functions g1(x) and g2(x) measured in DIS using polarized beams and targets.
Parameters of the wave functions are adjusted to fit all the data. The fit
fixes both the shape of the wave functions and the relative strength of each
component. Two solutions are found that fit f(x) and g1(x), but only one of
these gives a good description of g2(x). This fit requires the nucleon CST wave
functions contain a large D-wave component (about 35%) and a small P-wave
component (about 0.6%). The significance of these results is discussed.Comment: 27 pages; 13 figure
Simulation of the hydrogen ground state in Stochastic Electrodynamics
Stochastic electrodynamics is a classical theory which assumes that the
physical vacuum consists of classical stochastic fields with average energy
in each mode, i.e., the zero-point Planck spectrum.
While this classical theory explains many quantum phenomena related to harmonic
oscillator problems, hard results on nonlinear systems are still lacking. In
this work the hydrogen ground state is studied by numerically solving the
Abraham -- Lorentz equation in the dipole approximation. First the stochastic
Gaussian field is represented by a sum over Gaussian frequency components, next
the dynamics is solved numerically using OpenCL. The approach improves on work
by Cole and Zou 2003 by treating the full problem and reaching longer
simulation times. The results are compared with a conjecture for the ground
state phase space density. Though short time results suggest a trend towards
confirmation, in all attempted modelings the atom ionises at longer times.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures. Published version, minor change
Pion re-scattering in pi0 production
This work discusses the approximations frequently used to calculate the
contribution to pion production in proton-proton scattering near threshold from
irreducible pion re-scattering. The reference result is obtained from the
quantum mechanical reduction of the corresponding Feynman diagram to
Time-Ordered Field Theory diagrams. We conclude that the Distorted Wave Born
Approximation is quite adequate at threshold energies and even above. We
discuss the choices for the energy of the exchanged pion, both for its
propagator and for the piN amplitude describing the re-scattering vertex. The
calculation employs a physical model for nucleons and pions -- pseudo-vector
coupling for the piNN vertex and realistic amplitudes for the piN re-scattering
and for the NN transitions in the initial and final states.Comment: 30 pages, 11 figures; To appear in Phys. Rev.
Nucleon and gamma N -> Delta lattice form factors in a constituent quark model
A covariant quark model, based both on the spectator formalism and on vector
meson dominance, and previously calibrated by the physical data, is here
extended to the unphysical region of the lattice data by means of one single
extra adjustable parameter - the constituent quark mass in the chiral limit. We
calculated the Nucleon (N) and the gamma N -> Delta form factors in the
universe of values for that parameter described by quenched lattice QCD. A
qualitative description of the Nucleon and gamma N -> Delta form factors
lattice data is achieved for light pions.Comment: To appear in J.Phys.
Reunion overseas: introduced wild boars and cultivated orange trees interact in the Brazilian Atlantic forest
Little is known concerning novel interactions between species that typically
interact in their native range but, as a consequence of human activity, are also interacting out of their original
distribution under new ecological conditions. Objective: We investigate the interaction between the orange tree
and wild boar, both of which share Asian origins and have been introduced to the Americas (i.e. the overseas).
Methods: Specifically, we assessed whether i) wild boars consume orange (Citrus sinensis) fruits and seeds
in orchards adjacent to a remnant of the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, ii) the orange seeds are viable after passing
through boar’s digestive tract and iii) whether the orange tree may naturalise in the forest remnant assisted by
wild boars. Results: Our camera surveys indicated that wild boar was by far the most frequent consumer of
orange fruits (40.5 % of camera trap-days). A considerable proportion of sown orange seeds extracted from fresh
boar feces emerged seedlings (27.8 %, N = 386) under controlled greenhouse conditions. Further, 37.6 % of sown
seeds (N = 500) in the forest remnant emerged seedlings in July 2015; however, after ~4 years (March 2019)
only 9 seedlings survived (i.e. 4.8 %, N = 188). Finally, 52 sweet orange seedlings were found during surveys
within the forest remnant which is intensively used by wild boars. This study indicates a high potential of boars
to act as effective seed dispersers of the sweet orange. However, harsh competition with native vegetation and
the incidence of lethal diseases, which quickly kill sweet orange trees under non-agricultural conditions, could
seriously limit orange tree establishment in the forest. Conclusions: Our results have important implications not
only because the wild boar could be a vector of potential invasive species, but also because they disperse seeds
of some native species (e.g. the queen palm, Syagrus romanzofiana) in defaunated forests, where large native
seed dispersers are missing; thus, wild boars could exert critical ecological functions lost due to human activityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
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