Стилістичні засоби реалізації категорії оцінки в англійських прислів’ях (на матеріалі репліки-реакції в діалогічному дискурсі) (Stylistic means of expressing the category of evalution in English proverbs (in reactions in dialogue discourse)

Стаття присвячена аналізу стилістичних засобів реалізації категорії оцінки в англійських прислів’ях, вживаних у функції репліки-реакції в діалогічній інтеракції. Багато вчених приділяли увагу аналізу діалога, але все ще залиша- ється багато аспектів, які потребують більш детального вивчення, особливо в світлі нових підходів. Однією із таких проблем є дослідження прагматичних особливостей та лінгвістичного оформлення репліки-реакції в діалогічній єдності. Мовець, оцінивши інформацію співрозмовника в репліці-стимулі, виражає своє власне ставлення до цієї інформації на основі свого власного досвіду, моральних та етичних принципів. власних переконань. Прислів’я в яких акумульовано досвід поколінь допомагань мовцю виразити його оцінку під час діалогічного спілкування. (The article deals with the stylistic means of expressing the category of evaluation in English proverbs, when they are used as reactions in dialogue communication. Though dialogue speech and its structural peculiarities have been studied a lot, there still remain a lot of aspects which need more detailed examination, especially now, taking into consideration new approaches. There arises a problem of pragmatic aspects of dialogue communication, pragmatic intentions and linguistic means, used in reactions in particular. The speaker, having evaluated the interlocutor’s information in stimulus, expresses his own attitude to what was said on the basis of his own experience his own moral principles, his own convictions. Proverbs, having accumulated the experience of generations of people, help reflect his evaluation, being used as reactions in dialogue intercourse.

Prediction of engineering development based on institutional approach

© 2014, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. The expedience of forecasting the engineering industry development, based on the institutional approach is substantiated, trends, challenges and risks of engineering industry in Russia, including "institutional trap" identified in the article. Engineering industry development scenarios in Russia based on the author's model are considered for the period until 2018. As a tool for building the predictive model the method of correlated-regression analysis is used, as it allows to determine the kind of mathematical functions causation, synthesize diversity of variables in the model and simulate their behavior. The model allows determining the optimal structure and the volume of labor and capital in the future to ensure the growth of sales of engineering products of each species in the national and global market, as well as mechanisms of fiscal and trade policies that maximize the value of sales volumes of engineering industry in Russia

Portfolio method of selection the adequate KPI system for all types of organizations

Conceptually new direction, called "Performance Management (PM)" was formed at the turn of the XX and XXI centuries.In the article there is an attempt to retrace the interrelation of such instruments of Performance Management as Balanced Scorecard (BSC) and KPI (key performance indicator). The key performance indicators of the strategy are defined in this article as the instruments of corporate control, consisting of a set of indicators in the context of the interests of the company's stakeholders. Comparing their dynamics, one can judge about the effectiveness of the strategy execution. It is recommended to use BSC at the strategic level and KPI on the operational level, but it is possible to use it as an independent method of corporate control. Portfolio method of selection of adequate KPI system, depending on two factors, was proposed: the technology of KPI indicators development (according to the targets or business processes) and the possibility of connection the objectives with a separate structural unit (integration/disintegration). The matrix, determining the collective contribution (at the department level) into the implementation of the company's common strategy, has been optimized. Two approaches to the formation of the system KPI were approved: the target integration and process closed in the Tatarstan Customs, through the introduction of key performance indicators. This proves the universality of the used corporate control instrument, and the possibility of its implementation in state bodies

Investments in education system—Do the results correspond to the expectations?

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.The article deals with the problem of economic investments in education system in the case of the Republic of Tatarstan and the problem of their effectiveness from population perspective

Estimation of investment requirements in providing potential of reliability of energy provider

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, London.Estimation method of investment requirements in providing potential of reliability of Energy Provider is a system of methods and investment support models of the strategic goals and targets implementation of internal and external investment enterprise development. This system of methods and models leads to gaining income of assets in the future, or achieving a positive effect, namely improving the company image, compounding Strategic Potential of Reliability (SPR). We offer to treat differently to the calculation essence of the investment in the strategic potential of reliability and determine its size based not on the residual principle, but based on the optimization model of investment and operating costs of producer and consumer

Association between matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 polymorphisms and MMP-2 levels in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

We examined whether two functional polymorphisms (g.-1306 C> T and g.-735 C>T) in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 gene are associated with preeclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH), and whether they modify MMP-2 or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2 plasma concentrations in these hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We studied 130 healthy pregnant (HP), 130 pregnant with GH, and 133 pregnant with PE. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood and genotypes for g.-1306 C>T and g.-735 C>T polymorphisms were determined by Real Time-PCR, using Taqman allele discrimination assays. Haplotypes were inferred using the PHASE program. Plasma MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations were measured by ELISA. The main findings were that pregnant with PE have higher plasma MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations than HP (P<0.05), although the MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios were similar (P>0.05). Moreover, pregnant with GH have elevated plasma MMP-2 levels and MMP-2/TIMP-2 ratios compared to HP (P<0.05). While MMP-2 genotypes and haplotypes are not linked with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, MMP-2 genotypes and haplotypes are associated with significant alterations in plasma MMP-2 and TIMP-2 concentrations in preeclampsia (P<0.05). Our findings may help to understand the relevance of MMP-2 and its genetic polymorphisms to the pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. It is possible that patients with PE and the MMP-2 haplotype combining the C and T alleles for the g.-1306 C>T and g.-735 C>T polymorphisms may benefit from the use of MMPs inhibitors such as doxycycline. However, this possibility remains to be determined. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), BrazilConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Brazi

Maternal iNOS genetic polymorphisms and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Increased expression and activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may contribute to the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE) and gestational hypertension (GH). However, no previous study has examined whether genetic polymorphisms in the iNOS gene are associated with PE or GH. We examined whether two functional, clinically relevant iNOS genetic polymorphisms (the C(-1026)A polymorphism, rs2779249, in the promoter region, and the G2087A polymorphism, rs2297518, in exon 16) are associated with GH or with PE. We studied 565 pregnant women: 212 healthy pregnant (HP), 166 pregnant with GH and 187 pregnant with PE. Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR, using the Taqman allele discrimination assay. The PHASE 2.1 program was used to estimate haplotype distributions in the three study groups. We found no significant association between the C(-1026)A polymorphism and PE or GH (P>0.05). However, we found the GA genotype and the A allele for the G2087A polymorphism at higher frequency in PE, but not in GH, compared with HP (P<0.05). The haplotype analysis showed no significant intergroup differences (P>0.05). These findings suggest that iNOS genetic variants may affect the susceptibility to PE, but not to GH. Journal of Human Hypertension (2012) 26, 547-552; doi:10.1038/jhh.2011.65; published online 30 June 2011Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphisms affect plasma MMP-9 levels and antihypertensive therapy responsiveness in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Abnormal matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 levels may have a role in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We examined whether MMP-9 genetic polymorphisms (g.-1562C>T and g.-90(CA)(13-25)) modify plasma MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 levels and the responses to antihypertensive therapy in 214 patients with preeclampsia (PE), 185 patients with gestational hypertension (GH) and a control group of 214 healthy pregnant (HP). Alleles for the g.-90(CA)(13-25) polymorphism were grouped L (low) (<21 CA repeats) or H (high) (>= 21 CA repeats). Plasma MMP-9 and TIMP-1 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma MMP-9 concentrations were not affected by genotypes or haplotypes in HP and PE groups, except for the g.-90(CA)(13-25) polymorphism: GH patients with the LH genotype for this polymorphism have higher MMP-9 levels than those with other genotypes. The T allele for the g.-1562C>T polymorphism and the H4 haplotype (combining T and H alleles) are associated with GH and lack of responsiveness to antihypertensive therapy in GH. The H2 haplotype (combining C and H alleles) was associated with lack of responsiveness to antihypertensive therapy in PE, but not in GH. In conclusion, our results show that MMP-9 genetic variants are associated with GH and suggest that MMP-9 haplotypes affect the responsiveness to antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The Pharmacogenomics Journal (2012) 12, 489-498; doi: 10.1038/tpj.2011.31; published online 19 July 2011Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Coordenadoria de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Life Cycle Management of Infrastructures

By definition, life cycle management (LCM) is a framework “of concepts, techniques, and procedures to address environmental, economic, technological, and social aspects of products and organizations in order to achieve continuous ‘sustainable’ improvement from a life cycle perspective” (Hunkeler et al.\ua02001). Thus, LCM theoretically integrates all sustainability dimensions, and strives to provide a holistic perspective. It also assists in the efficient and effective use of constrained natural and financial resources to reduce negative impacts on society (Sonnemann and Leeuw\ua02006; Adibi et al.\ua02015). The LCM of infrastructures is the adaptation of product life cycle management (PLM) as techniques to the design, construction, and management of infrastructures. Infrastructure life cycle management requires accurate and extensive information that might be generated through different kinds of intelligent and connected information workflows, such as building information modeling (BIM)

Prediction of engineering development based on institutional approach

© 2014, Canadian Center of Science and Education. All rights reserved. The expedience of forecasting the engineering industry development, based on the institutional approach is substantiated, trends, challenges and risks of engineering industry in Russia, including "institutional trap" identified in the article. Engineering industry development scenarios in Russia based on the author's model are considered for the period until 2018. As a tool for building the predictive model the method of correlated-regression analysis is used, as it allows to determine the kind of mathematical functions causation, synthesize diversity of variables in the model and simulate their behavior. The model allows determining the optimal structure and the volume of labor and capital in the future to ensure the growth of sales of engineering products of each species in the national and global market, as well as mechanisms of fiscal and trade policies that maximize the value of sales volumes of engineering industry in Russia