Adverse reactions of high-osmolar and low-osmolar radiographic contrast media in clinical practice

Introduction. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) to administration of radiographic contrast media (RCM) are observed in 10–20 % of patients. Individual tolerability of drugs is affected by RCM properties (ionicity, osmolarity). Aim. Evaluation of ADR in patients during diagnostic studies using high- and low-osmolar RCM. Methods. Analysis of 52 reports of adverse reactions to RCM registered in medical organizations of Voronezh region in 2014–2021 was performed. Group 1 included 21 patients with ADR to high-osmolar RCM (sodium amidotrizoate, yoxitalamic acid), group 2–31 patients with ADR to low-osmolar drugs (yogexol, yopromide, yopamidol, yoversol). Results. Age of patients is 6–82 years, median 48.5 years, children — 8 persons (15.4 %), women — 31 patients (59.6 %), serious reactions — 28 (53.8 %). Since 2017 there has been an increase in the number of ADRs with constant frequency of serious reactions. In 2020–2021 ADRs to low-osmolar drugs were mainly registered. Life-threatening conditions (anaphylactic shock, arterial hypotension, arrhythmia) were observed in 70.2 % of group 2, in 28.6 % of group 1 (p=0.007). One patient with initial renal dysfunction and comorbid pathology was reported to develop nephrotoxicity to yogexol. Pharmacological correction was performed in 92.3 % of cases. In 57.7 % of the patients ADR ended in recovery, in the  other cases — state improvement. Conclusion. Side effects of high-osmolar and low-osmolar RCM mainly had form of hyperergic reactions of immediate type and were reversible. High frequency of serious reactions to lowosmolar RCM against an increase in their use requires a more careful selection of patients for X-ray contrast studies

Evidence of the Generation of Isosaccharinic Acids and Their Subsequent Degradation by Local Microbial Consortia within Hyper-Alkaline Contaminated Soils, with Relevance to Intermediate Level Radioactive Waste Disposal

The contamination of surface environments with hydroxide rich wastes leads to the formation of high pH (>11.0) soil profiles. One such site is a legacy lime works at Harpur Hill, Derbyshire where soil profile indicated in-situ pH values up to pH 12. Soil and porewater profiles around the site indicated clear evidence of the presence of the α and β stereoisomers of isosaccharinic acid (ISA) resulting from the anoxic, alkaline degradation of cellulosic material. ISAs are of particular interest with regards to the disposal of cellulosic materials contained within the intermediate level waste (ILW) inventory of the United Kingdom, where they may influence radionuclide mobility via complexation events occurring within a geological disposal facility (GDF) concept. The mixing of uncontaminated soils with the alkaline leachate of the site resulted in ISA generation, where the rate of generation in-situ is likely to be dependent upon the prevailing temperature of the soil. Microbial consortia present in the uncontaminated soil were capable of surviving conditions imposed by the alkaline leachate and demonstrated the ability to utilise ISAs as a carbon source. Leachate-contaminated soil was sub-cultured in a cellulose degradation product driven microcosm operating at pH 11, the consortia present were capable of the degradation of ISAs and the generation of methane from the resultant H2/CO2 produced from fermentation processes. Following microbial community analysis, fermentation processes appear to be predominated by Clostridia from the genus Alkaliphilus sp, with methanogenesis being attributed to Methanobacterium and Methanomassiliicoccus sp. The study is the first to identify the generation of ISA within an anthropogenic environment and advocates the notion that microbial activity within an ILW-GDF is likely to influence the impact of ISAs upon radionuclide migration

Влияние максимального электрошока и противосудорожных препаратов на концентрацию продуктов перекисного окисления липидов в эксперименте на мышах

Oxidative stress plays a key role in epileptogenesis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of seizures on the development of oxidative stress and the presence of antioxidant properties in carbamazepine and valproic acid in convulsive state caused by maximal electroshock seizure (MES). Methods. An electroconvulsive seizure were induced by the MES-test in mice, with assessment of the severity of seizures on a point scale. Oxidative stress was assessed by products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) determined in blood plasma. Results. It has been established that exposure to MES followed by tonic-clonic seizures leads to oxidative stress in mice. Valproic acid and carbamazepine completely protected against seizures after MES-test, however, the concentration of lipid peroxidation products did not differ from the MES group and was also higher than in the control group.Окислительный стресс играет одну из ключевых ролей в эпилептогенезе. Целью исследования было оценить влияние судорог на развитие оксидативного стресса и наличие антиоксидантных свойств у карбамазепина и вальпроевой кислоты при судорожном состоянии, вызванном максимальным электрошоком (МЭШ). Методы. У мышей вызывали электросудорожные припадки методом МЭШ с оценкой тяжести судорог по балльной шкале. Оценку оксидативного стресса проводили по продуктам перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ), определяемых в плазме крови. Результаты. Установлено, что воздействие МЭШ с последующими тонико-клоническими припадками приводит к оксидативному стрессу у мышей. Вальпроевая кислота и карбамазепин полностью защищали от возникновения судорог после воздействия МЭШ, однако концентрация продуктов ПОЛ не отличалась от группы с МЭШ и была также выше, чем в группе контроля

Влияние габаритных параметров цилиндрического экрана на эффективность экранирования

Study of dimensional parametersʼ influence on shielding properties of cylindrical shields will allow to optimise the fusion process, as well as to reduce production costs by reducing the material used. The purpose of this work was to compare results of theoretical calculation of shielding effectiveness of an infinite cylindrical shield with the data obtained in real conditions.A cylindrical Ni-Fe shield was synthesised by electrochemical deposition with length of 32 cm, diameter of 4.5 cm and shielding thickness of ≈ 100 µm. The cylinder length was then reduced from 32 cm to 6 cm in 4 cm increments and for each cylinder length shielding effectiveness was measured using three-coordinate Helmholtz field-forming system.The measurement results show that the calculation of shielding effectiveness of infinite cylindrical shield is valid for cylinder lengths l ≥ 18–20 cm. Shielding effectiveness is markedly reduced at values of l ˂ 15 cm.Analysis of data obtained allowed to conclude that it is necessary to determine the correction factor when calculating a cylindrical screen shielding efficiencyИзучение влияния габаритных параметров на экранирующие свойства цилиндрических экранов позволит оптимизировать процесс синтеза, а также снизить затраты на производство, за счёт уменьшения используемого материала. Целью данной работы было сравнение результатов теоретического расчёта эффективности экранирования бесконечного цилиндрического экрана и данных, полученных в реальных условиях.Методом электрохимического осаждения был синтезирован цилиндрический экран Ni-Fe, длина которого составила 32 см, диаметр 4,5 см, толщина экранирующего покрытия составила≈ 100 мкм. Затем длина цилиндра уменьшалась от 30 до 6 см с шагом в 4 см, для каждой длины цилиндра была измерена эффективность экранирования с помощью полеобразующей системы трёхкоординатных катушек Гельмгольца.Результаты измерений показали, что расчёт эффективности экранирования бесконечного цилиндрического экрана справедлив при длине цилиндра l ≥ 18–20 см. При значениях l ˂ 15 см эффективность экранирования заметно снижается.Анализ полученных данных позволил сделать вывод о необходимости определения поправочного коэффициента при расчётах эффективности экранирования цилиндрического экрана

PHYSICAL INACTIVITY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE AND PHYSICAL TRAINING IN ITS CORRECTION

Aim – to identify the most affordable way of physical training (PT) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), promoting effective control of the intensity of inactivity and has a high level of adherence in physical training of CHD patients on an outpatient basis – outpatient rehabilitation stage. Materials and methods. The study included 76 male patients with coronary artery disease aged from 49 to 64 years. Results. Among the PE methods used in the study, moderate-intensity treadmill exercises at least thrice weekly are most effective as they promote the most increased exercise tolerance (ET), but in 3 months there is a noticeable reduction in adherence to this PE method. The heavyweight walking method assists in increasing the ET comparable to that of treadmill exercises and in effectively correcting the degree of hypodynamia and preserves high adherence to PE even after 6 months of their regular performance. Conclusion. Hypodynamia as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases is common and encountered in 86 % of the CHD patients who have undergone percutaneous coronary interventions and myocardial infarction with the baseline exercise capacity being 7 METs or more, as evidenced by treadmill tests. Therefore this category of patients must be actively involved into the programs of cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention. On choosing PE methods, preference should be given to the method that aids in increasing ET and adherence to PT and in effectively correcting hypodynamia

D.P.7 Whole exome sequencing as genetic diagnostic tool in myofibrillar myopathies

reserved10simixedM. Neri;M. Bovolenta;C. Scotton;T. Castrignanò;G.A.G. Vattemi;E. Schwartz;N. Daraselia;E. Kotelnikova;F. Gualandi;A. FerliniNeri, M.; Bovolenta, Matteo; Scotton, C.; Castrignanò, T.; Vattemi, G. A. G.; Schwartz, E.; Daraselia, N.; Kotelnikova, E.; Gualandi, F.; Ferlini, Alessandr

Clinical and immunological features of primary and secondary antiphospholipid syndrome

Objective. Rertrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory features of primary (PAPS) and secondary (SAPS) antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Material and methods. 280 pts (96 male, 184 female) with SLE were included. 142 had SAPS and 84 (24 male, 60 female) - PAPS. Mean age was 31,2±ll,l years and mean disease duration - 8.6+7,2 years. PAPS pts mean age was 35,6±9,9 years and mean disease duration - 1 1,9±8,5 years. Peripheral vessels USDG and echocardiography (EchoCG) were performed to verify vascular complications. Anticardiolipin antibodies (АСА) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) served as serological markers of APS. Results. In 75% of pts the disease began with SLE signs, in 17% - with ARS signs and in 8% - with thrombocytopenia. 5 from 138 SLE pts without APS showed LA and APS clinical signs during follow- up. In 54% from 142 SAPS pts the disease began with an SLE sign, in 34% - with an APS sign and in 12% - with thrombocytopenia. At the onset of PAPS thrombocytopenia was much more seldom - in 5 from 84 pts. The rest had other APS signs at presentation. 8 pts showed PAPS transformation into SLE, Thrombotic complications frequency among SLE pts was 42%. They were significantly more frequent in APS (76% in PAPS and 90% in SAPS) than in SLE without APS (6%), x 2=I3I, p<0,000l. There was heart disease association with APS. Heart disease was present in 43% of PAPS pts, 27% of SLE+APS pts and only in 2% of SLE pts without APS. Neurological signs spectrum in PAPS and SLE+APS was similar but stroke in PAPS was significantly more frequent (46%) than in SAPS (26%). Digital necroses, nail bed infarctions and purpura, which probably develops with participation of inflammation, were not characteristic for PAPS. Conclusion. Our data shows difficulty of PAPS verification, possibility of its transformation into SAPS what proves necessity of clinical and laboratory monitoring for this pts category. Beside that despite of similarity of the two forms of APS some distinct features of PAPS and SAPS were revealed