コウトウ キョウイク ト ショウガイ キョウイク オ カンガエル International Conference : チイキ シャカイジン オ カツヨウ シタ キョウヨウ キョウイク ノ イッカン トシテノ ニッチュウカン コウリュウ

平成20年度採択の質の高い大学教育改革プログラム「地域社会人を活用した教養教育」では、 地域社会人の勉学に対する高いモチベーションを、共に学ぶ学生が、自ら感じて学び取ることを目的としている。この取り組みを発展させていくために、取り組みに関係する近接する諸外国との意見交換が考えられる。この3カ国では、少子高齢化の問題に関しても共通する課題であり、大学教育に関する課題に関しても共通点が多い。本稿では、今回徳島大学全学共通教育学びのコミュニティー主催で開催した「高等教育と生涯教育に関する国際会議」の概要とその結果得られた成果について様々な角度から考察する

A solid state light-matter interface at the single photon level

Coherent and reversible mapping of quantum information between light and matter is an important experimental challenge in quantum information science. In particular, it is a decisive milestone for the implementation of quantum networks and quantum repeaters. So far, quantum interfaces between light and atoms have been demonstrated with atomic gases, and with single trapped atoms in cavities. Here we demonstrate the coherent and reversible mapping of a light field with less than one photon per pulse onto an ensemble of 10 millions atoms naturally trapped in a solid. This is achieved by coherently absorbing the light field in a suitably prepared solid state atomic medium. The state of the light is mapped onto collective atomic excitations on an optical transition and stored for a pre-programmed time up of to 1 mu s before being released in a well defined spatio-temporal mode as a result of a collective interference. The coherence of the process is verified by performing an interference experiment with two stored weak pulses with a variable phase relation. Visibilities of more than 95% are obtained, which demonstrates the high coherence of the mapping process at the single photon level. In addition, we show experimentally that our interface allows one to store and retrieve light fields in multiple temporal modes. Our results represent the first observation of collective enhancement at the single photon level in a solid and open the way to multimode solid state quantum memories as a promising alternative to atomic gases.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, version submitted on June 27 200

Seasonal effects on reconciliation in Macaca Fuscata Yakui

Dietary composition may have profound effects on the activity budgets, levelof food competition, and social behavior of a species. Similarly, in seasonally breeding species, the mating season is a period in which competition for mating partners increases, affecting amicable social interactions among group members. We analyzed the importance of the mating season and of seasonal variations in dietary composition and food competition on econciliation in wild female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) on Yakushima Island, Japan. Yakushima macaques are appropriate subjects because they are seasonal breeders and their dietary composition significantly changes among the seasons. Though large differences occurred between the summer months and the winter and early spring months in activity budgets and the consumption of the main food sources, i.e., fruits, seeds, and leaves, the level of food competition and conciliatory tendency remained unaffected. Conversely,conciliatory tendency is significantly lower during the mating season than in the nonmating season. Moreover, conciliatory tendency is lower when 1 or both female opponents is in estrous than when they are not. Thus the mating season has profound effects on reconciliation, whereas seasonal changes in activity budgets and dietary composition do not. The detrimental effects of the mating season on female social relationships and reconciliation may be due to the importance of female competition for access to male partners in multimale, multifemale societies

ダイガク キョウイク カイカク ト キョウヨウ キョウイク : チイキ シャカイジン カツヨウ ニヨル チ ノ ジュンカンガタ シャカイ コウチク ニ ムケテ

地域に知の循環型社会を構築することが、少子高齢化の時代を迎えた今日の重要な課題とされている。徳島大学全学共通教育では、今年度から社会性形成科目群を新設した。また、徳島市周辺に在住している地域の社会人の中から、大学教育に造詣の深い方々を大学教育ボランティア(全学共通教育公開授業受講生)として募集し、社会性形成科目群の共創型学習の幾つかの授業に参加していただいた。これらの授業の中で、社会人の参画により、学生のコミュニケーションが円滑に図られる効果があることが明らかになった。また、地域社会人は教員とは異なった視点から意見を述べることが出来るために、新たな視点から授業の展開が出来ることがわかった。学士課程構築を迫られる大学教育の中で、教養科目も変革を迫られている。本稿では、地域社会人が大学教育に関わることの意義と、地域社会人が教養教育を中心とした大学教育改革において、どのような形で貢献しうるのかについて考察する

Indocyanine Green (ICG) Lymphography Is Superior to Lymphoscintigraphy for Diagnostic Imaging of Early Lymphedema of the Upper Limbs

BACKGROUND: Secondary lymphedema causes swelling in limbs due to lymph retention following lymph node dissection in cancer therapy. Initiation of treatment soon after appearance of edema is very important, but there is no method for early diagnosis of lymphedema. In this study, we compared the utility of four diagnostic imaging methods: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), lymphoscintigraphy, and Indocyanine Green (ICG) lymphography. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 2010 and November 2011, we examined 21 female patients (42 arms) with unilateral mild upper limb lymphedema using the four methods. The mean age of the patients was 60.4 years old (35-81 years old). Biopsies of skin and collecting lymphatic vessels were performed in 7 patients who underwent lymphaticovenous anastomosis. RESULTS: The specificity was 1 for all four methods. The sensitivity was 1 in ICG lymphography and MRI, 0.62 in lymphoscintigraphy, and 0.33 in CT. These results show that MRI and ICG lymphography are superior to lymphoscintigraphy or CT for diagnosis of lymphedema. In some cases, biopsy findings suggested abnormalities in skin and lymphatic vessels for which lymphoscintigraphy showed no abnormal findings. ICG lymphography showed a dermal backflow pattern in these cases. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest the importance of dual diagnosis by examination of the lymphatic system using ICG lymphography and evaluation of edema in subcutaneous fat tissue using MRI