Implementation of Dynamic Frequency Controlled Parallel-Pixel Processing System

The main objective of this work is to develop an effective hardware system that respond to a run-time power constraint. These are handled on FPGAs by Dynamic Frequency Control (DFC) for the management of digital image and video processing architectures. In proposed design, the DFC is handled by utilising minimum resources. The pixel-processor architecture designed here is based on the implementation of single-pixel gamma correction operation. Here, the power and performance in-terms of throughput are constraints of digital image depend on the frequency of operations and number of pixel processing cores. The dynamic frequency controlled parallel-pixel processor is implemented on Virtex-6 FPGA’s and parallel-pixel processor architecture is verified by using System Generator

Neutrosophic data formation using Gaussian filter based costas coding for wireless communication systems

Outstanding advantages of OFDM helps high data rate communication systems such as Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) and mobile worldwide interoperability for microwave access (mobile Wi-MAX). But, OFDM system grieves from grave issue of high PAPR

Dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) community structure across a forest- agriculture habitat ecotonein South Western Ghats

Ecotones are zones of transition between biomes or ecosystems.Ecotones, natural or anthropogenic, can greatly affect insect community structure across habitats.Scarabaeinae dung beetles are ideal biological indicators that are used to study effects of habitat modification, fragmentation and edge effects on biodiversity. Dung beetle community structure across a forest-agriculture habitat ecotone in South Western Ghats, a biodiversity hotspotin India was studied.Dung baited pitfall traps were used to collect dung beetles from forest, ecotone and agriculture habitat. Community attributes such as species richness, abundance, diversity,indicator and detector species were recorded in the study sites. Species composition varied between the three habitats. Greater similarity in species composition was observed between forest and ecotone. This isattributed to the presence of heliophilic species in the region, adapted to survive in forest and the open edge. Though forest recorded higher abundance,ecotone and agriculture habitat recorded higher species richness and diversity. Low diversity in forest resulted from decreased equitability in the overall forest assemblage resulting from increased dominance of few species such as Onthophagusfurcillifer and O. pacificus. Higher species richness in ecotone and agriculture habitat was associated with heliophilicspecies that respond positively to disturbance, whereas stenotopic species adapted to closed canopy were negatively affected in the region.Onthophagusfurcillifer, the indicator species in the forest and ecotone was also the detector species in agriculture habitat. Presence of such species in the region that are adapted to survive in widely different habitat types is a result of decades of forest degradation and fragmentation in the Western Ghats which led to the establishment of heliophiles andsynanthropic species in the region.Such increase in species richness in disturbed habitat is not considered a positive attribute, as original species composition is altered to favor disturbance adapted species in the region

Investigation on the Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Aluminium-Tin Based Plain Bearing Material

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Mechanical and Tribological properties of plain bearing alloys used especially in internal combustion engines. The mechanical properties namely Tensile strength and Hardness were investigated according to standard procedure. The sliding friction and wear properties of aluminium-tin alloy against high carbon high chromium steel were investigated at different normal loads as (29.43 N, 33.35 N and 36.25 N). Tests were carried in oil lubricated conditions with a sliding speed of 1 m/s. Prior to experimentation, the circulating engine oil 20w40 was heated to temperature of 800C using heater. The frictional behavior and wear property of aluminium-tin alloy were studied by means of pin-on-disk tribometer. The weight loss of the specimen was measured and wear and friction characteristics were calculated with respect to time, depth of wear track, sliding speed and bearing load. To determine the wear mechanism, the worn surfaces of the samples were examined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The optimum wear reduction was obtained at different normal loads and at same sliding speed

Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy: three case reports

The occurrence of intestinal obstruction is uncommon in pregnancy and so it is rarely considered as a cause for acute abdominal pain. It is also a life threatening condition to the mother if proper medical intervention is delayed. In this review we present three cases of intestinal obstruction during pregnancy and puerperium. The incidence in our tertiary care center over a period of last 5 years is 1 in 3196 deliveries. These cases were diagnosed preoperatively with x-ray and sonogram. Laparotomy with definitive surgical treatment was performed. The first patient had large bowel obstruction due to sigmoid volvulus, the second patient had a stricture in ileum leading to small bowel obstruction, and the third patient had ileocecal intussusception. There were no maternal deaths but one patient had fetal loss

A REVIEW ON RESEALED ERYTHROCYTE AS A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

ABSTRACTCellular carriers possess great potential and merits in various modules of drug delivery. Among such cellular carriers, erythrocytes have been foundto possess huge merits for the targeted and controlled drug delivery since they are non-immunogenic, non-toxic and their circulation can be readilycontrolled and could be manipulated with reference to time. Erythrocytes mediated drug delivery has been reported with therapeutic enzymesand antiviral agents to maximize therapeutic performance, reduce the side effects, as circulating depots for controlled drug release, drug targeting,treatment of parasitic diseases, hepatic tumors, removal of toxic agents etc. In this review, isolation of carrier erythrocytes, methods of drug loading,characterization parameters methods and clinical applications of resealed erythrocytes were presented.Keywords: Resealed erythrocyte, Drug targeting, Controlled release, Carrier mediated drug delivery system

Identification and Isolation of Bio-Active Constituents from Aerial Parts of Gomphrena Globosa for Cancer Therapy

Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled division of cells in the part of the body and is able to invade to other tissues or parts of the body through blood and lymph system. Cancer is of different types that based on the organ or type of cell in which they start. Different cancer types like cancer of lung, esophagus, stomach, oral, pharynx, colon and skin, are affecting the human population. In the developed world, cancer is the leading cause of death whereas in the developing world it is the second leading cause of death as evidenced by the projected number of new cases and death worldwide.1 About 12.7 million people were suffering from cancer and 7.6 million people died of cancer in 2008 worldwide. Of the above estimate 56% of the cancer cases and 64% of the deaths were reported in the developing countries. Cancer burden in India is lower than that of developed countries like United States,2 and WHO, projected the dramatic rise in cancer burden to 20 million by 2020 with 70% in the developing countries.3 The cause for higher cancer burden in developing countries is due to population growth and ageing that would have massive impact on the number of new cancer cases and deaths. In India, the more prevalent cancers in men are lung, esophagus, stomach, oral and pharynx, while in women, breast and cervix cancers followed by stomach and esophagus. Recently it has been reported that there were more than 5 lakhs people died of cancer in India in the year 2010, and in female most deaths were due to breast cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the plants Celosia cristata and Gomphrena globosa, for anticancer property by invitro method and select the best plant with potent antitumor property and investigate the plant in detail. The objectives of the study were as follows: _ Authentication of the selected plant, _ Successive extraction of the plant material using non-polar to polar solvents, _ Screening of the plant extracts for anticancer property by in-vitro, _ Selection of the plant extract with potential anticancer property, _ Toxicity study on the selected plant extract, _ Screening of the selected plant extract for anticancer property by in-vivo, _ Phytochemical screening of the selected plant extract, _ Isolation and structural elucidation of the active constituent(s) from the Extract, _ Screening of the active constituent(s) for anticancer property by in-vitro and in-vivo, _ Studying the mechanism of anticancer activity of the active constituent. In conclusion, the results of the study demonstrated that the plant, Gomphrena globosa posses anticancer activity and the compound responsible for this activity was found to be Oleuropein

Identification and isolation of bio-active constituents from aerial parts of gomphrena globosa for cancer therapy

INTRODUCTION : Cancer is a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled division of cells in the part of the body and is able to invade to other tissues or parts of the body through blood and lymph system. Cancer is of different types that based on the organ or type of cell in which they start. Different cancer types like cancer of lung, esophagus, stomach, oral, pharynx, colon and skin, are affecting the human population. In the developed world, cancer is the leading cause of death whereas in the developing world it is the second leading cause of death as evidenced by the projected number of new cases and death worldwide. About 12.7 million people were suffering from cancer and 7.6 million people died of cancer in 2008 worldwide. Of the above estimate 56% of the cancer cases and 64% of the deaths were reported in the developing countries. Cancer burden in India is lower than that of developed countries like United States, and WHO, projected the dramatic rise in cancer burden to 20 million by 2020 with 70% in the developing countries. The cause for higher cancer burden in developing countries is due to population growth and ageing that would have massive impact on the number of new cancer cases and deaths. In India, the more prevalent cancers in men are lung, esophagus, stomach, oral and pharynx, while in women, breast and cervix cancers followed by stomach and esophagus. Recently it has been reported that there were more than 5 lakes people died of cancer in India in the year 2010, and in female most deaths were due to breast cancer. AIM AND OBJECTIVES : The present study aimed to investigate the plants Celosia cristata and Gomphrena globosa, for anticancer property by invitro method and select the best plant with potent antitumor property and investigate the plant in detail. The objectives of the study are as follows: Authentication of the selected plant. • Successive extraction of the plant material using non-polar to polar solvents. • Screening of the plant extracts for anticancer property by in-vitro. • Selection of the plant extract with potential anticancer property. • Toxicity study on the selected plant extract. • Screening of the selected plant extract for anticancer property by in-vivo. • Phytochemical screening of the selected plant extract. • Isolation and structural elucidation of the active constituent(s) from the extract. • Screening of the active constituent(s) for anticancer property by in-vitro and in-vivo. Studying the mechanism of anticancer activity of the active constituent. MATERIALS AND METHODS : Materials: The selected plants, Celosia cristata and Gomphrena globosa are widely distributed in and around Tiruchengode of Namakkal district. They were freshly collected in the month of June and authenticated (Specimen No. 1367, 1368) by Dr. G. V. S. Murthy, Joint Director, Botanical Survey of India, Coimbatore. The aerial parts of both the plants were taken for the present study. Extraction : Aerial parts of Celosia cristata and Gomphrena globosa were selected for preliminary screening of anticancer property by in-vitro. Both the plants were dried separately under shade and then powdered to coarse. Powdered material (500 g) of both the plants was separately extracted with chloroform, ethanol and water by continuous hot extraction method for 48 h by using Soxhlet apparatus 40. The extracts were concentrated to a dry mass by vacuum distillation. After complete drying the extracted materials were weighed and their extractive value in percentage was calculated with reference to the air dried sample. All these extracts were subjected to in-vitro anticancer study by Trypan blue method. RESULTS : Preliminary screening of in-vitro cytotoxic study of extracts From the results it was observed that the chloroform extract of Gomphrena globosa , produced cytotoxic activity with inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 45.94 Pg/ml for DLA and 56.87 Pg/ml for ECA. And the effect was relatively more potent than other extracts of the same plant or of Celosia cristata and therefore the chloroform extract of Gomphrena globosa was selected for further studies. CONCLUSION : * Two plants, Celosia cristata and Gomphrena globosa, were initially studied for anticancer activity by in-vitro method against DLA and ECA cell lines. * The chloroform extract of Gomphrena globosa was found to be potential cytotoxic activity. * The CEGG was further screened in detail for anticancer activity against invitro human cell lines and in-vivo DLA and ECA cell lines. * The compound possessing potent anticancer activity against human cell lines MCF – 7, DU 145, Hela and A-431 was isolated and structurally elucidated by TLC, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS spectral data. * The isolated compound was found to be Oleuropein. * The compound Oleuropein was found to possess anticancer activity through antioxidant, antiradical and cell apoptosis mechanism. In conclusion, the results of the study demonstrated that the plant, Gomphrena globosa possess anticancer activity and the compound responsible for this activity was found to be Oleuropein. Further studies are recommended in humans for effective use of this compound in cancer

Clustering On Large Numeric Data Sets Using Hierarchical Approach: Birch

The paper is about the clustering on large numeric data sets using hierarchical method In this BIRCH approach is used to reduce the amount of data for this a hierarchical clustering method was applied to pre-process the dataset Now a day s web information plays a prominent role in the web technology large amount of data is consumed to communicate but some with intruders there is loss of data or may changes occur in the interaction so to recognize intruders they detect to build an intrusion detection system for this a hierarchical approach is used to classify network traffic data accurately Hierarchical clustering is performed By taking network as an example The clustering method could produce high quality dataset with far less instances that sufficiently represent all of the instances in the original datase

A study of prevalence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and validation of Immunoglobulin M for Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) is one of the most common causes of childhood community-acquiredpneumonia (CAP) and common cause of mortality and morbidity in young children. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is promising withhigher specificity and superior sensitivity to that of culture or single point serology. Objective: This study was conducted to estimate theprevalence of MPP, and to compare the efficacy of PCR and immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)for the diagnosis of MPP among CAP in children. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in children between 2 monthsand 12 years of age admitted with clinical and radiological features of pneumonia. The children were presumed clinically to have MPinfection as per IAP guidelines when they had a cough and fever for more than 5 days. A predesigned proforma was used to collecthistory and clinical examination findings. Routine investigations such as complete blood count, C-reactive protein, chest X-ray, andblood culture were done. Those suspected of infection with MP infection were further subjected to PCR and IgM ELISA. Results: MP(27%) was found to be an important cause of CAP in children between 2 and 8 years. The most common clinical symptoms were coughand fever (100%) followed by myalgia (20.8%), arthralgia (16.6%), and rashes (12.5%). PCR is the rapid reliable diagnostic test witha sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 93%. IgM ELISA is equally effective diagnostic test with sensitivity of 83% and specificity of100%. Conclusion: MP is an emerging cause of CAP in school going as well as preschool children. Although PCR is an alternative testof culture, use of simple test like IgM ELISA will reduce the cost of investigation and help us in arriving at definitive diagnosis of MP