728 research outputs found
Relational semantics of linear logic and higher-order model-checking
In this article, we develop a new and somewhat unexpected connection between
higher-order model-checking and linear logic. Our starting point is the
observation that once embedded in the relational semantics of linear logic, the
Church encoding of any higher-order recursion scheme (HORS) comes together with
a dual Church encoding of an alternating tree automata (ATA) of the same
signature. Moreover, the interaction between the relational interpretations of
the HORS and of the ATA identifies the set of accepting states of the tree
automaton against the infinite tree generated by the recursion scheme. We show
how to extend this result to alternating parity automata (APT) by introducing a
parametric version of the exponential modality of linear logic, capturing the
formal properties of colors (or priorities) in higher-order model-checking. We
show in particular how to reunderstand in this way the type-theoretic approach
to higher-order model-checking developed by Kobayashi and Ong. We briefly
explain in the end of the paper how his analysis driven by linear logic results
in a new and purely semantic proof of decidability of the formulas of the
monadic second-order logic for higher-order recursion schemes.Comment: 24 pages. Submitte
Bayesian inverse problems with Gaussian priors
The posterior distribution in a nonparametric inverse problem is shown to
contract to the true parameter at a rate that depends on the smoothness of the
parameter, and the smoothness and scale of the prior. Correct combinations of
these characteristics lead to the minimax rate. The frequentist coverage of
credible sets is shown to depend on the combination of prior and true
parameter, with smoother priors leading to zero coverage and rougher priors to
conservative coverage. In the latter case credible sets are of the correct
order of magnitude. The results are numerically illustrated by the problem of
recovering a function from observation of a noisy version of its primitive.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOS920 the Annals of
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical
Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Multi-wavelength Calibration Procedure for the Pierre Auger Observatory Fluorescence Detectors
We present a method to measure the relative spectral response of the Pierre
Auger Observatory Fluorescence Detector. The calibration was done at
wavelengths of 320, 337, 355, 380 and 405 nm using an end-to-end technique in
which the response of all detector components are combined in a single
measurement. A xenon flasher and notch-filters were used as the light source
for the calibration device. The overall uncertainty is 5%.Comment: Submitted to Astroparticle Physics. V2: section 5.2 extended; author
list change
Injury rates and injury risk factors among federal bureau of investigation new agent trainees
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A one-year prospective examination of injury rates and injury risk factors was conducted in Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) new agent training.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Injury incidents were obtained from medical records and injury compensation forms. Potential injury risk factors were acquired from a lifestyle questionnaire and existing data at the FBI Academy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of 426 men and 105 women participated in the project. Thirty-five percent of men and 42% of women experienced one or more injuries during training. The injury incidence rate was 2.5 and 3.2 injuries/1,000 person-days for men and women, respectively (risk ratio (women/men) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval = 0.9-1.7). The activities most commonly associated with injuries (% of total) were defensive tactics training (58%), physical fitness training (20%), physical fitness testing (5%), and firearms training (3%). Among the men, higher injury risk was associated with older age, slower 300-meter sprint time, slower 1.5-mile run time, lower total points on the physical fitness test (PFT), lower self-rated physical activity, lower frequency of aerobic exercise, a prior upper or lower limb injury, and prior foot or knee pain that limited activity. Among the women higher injury risk was associated with slower 300-meter sprint time, slower 1.5-mile run time, lower total points on the PFT, and prior back pain that limited activity.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The results of this investigation supported those of a previous retrospective investigation emphasizing that lower fitness and self-reported pain limiting activity were associated with higher injury risk among FBI new agents.</p
Physical Stability and Viscoelastic Properties of Co-Amorphous Ezetimibe/Simvastatin System
The purpose of this paper is to examine the physical stability as well as viscoelastic
properties of the binary amorphous ezetimibe–simvastatin system. According to our knowledge,
this is the first time that such an amorphous composition is prepared and investigated. The tendency
toward re-crystallization of the amorphous ezetimibe–simvastatin system, at both standard storage
and elevated temperature conditions, have been studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Our investigations have revealed that simvastatin remarkably improves the physical stability of
ezetimibe, despite the fact that it works as a plasticizer. Pure amorphous ezetimibe, when stored
at room temperature, begins to re-crystallize after 14 days after amorphization. On the other
hand, the ezetimibe-simvastatin binary mixture (at the same storage conditions) is physically
stable for at least 1 year. However, the devitrification of the binary amorphous composition was
observed at elevated temperature conditions (T = 373 K). Therefore, we used a third compound to
hinder the re-crystallization. Finally, both the physical stability as well as viscoelastic properties
of the ternary systems containing different concentrations of the latter component have been
thoroughly investigated
A prospective investigation of injury incidence and injury risk factors among army recruits in military police training
Базовый алгоритм действия системы поддержки принятия решений
We consider two-player parity games played on transition graphs of higher order pushdown automata. They are ``game-equivalent'' to a kind of model-checking game played on graphs of the infinite hierarchy introduced recently by Caucal. Then in this hierarchy we show how to reduce a game to a graph of lower level. This leads to an effective solution and a construction of the winning strategies
Bayesian recovery of the initial condition for the heat equation
We study a Bayesian approach to recovering the initial condition for the heat
equation from noisy observations of the solution at a later time. We consider a
class of prior distributions indexed by a parameter quantifying "smoothness"
and show that the corresponding posterior distributions contract around the
true parameter at a rate that depends on the smoothness of the true initial
condition and the smoothness and scale of the prior. Correct combinations of
these characteristics lead to the optimal minimax rate. One type of priors
leads to a rate-adaptive Bayesian procedure. The frequentist coverage of
credible sets is shown to depend on the combination of the prior and true
parameter as well, with smoother priors leading to zero coverage and rougher
priors to (extremely) conservative results. In the latter case credible sets
are much larger than frequentist confidence sets, in that the ratio of
diameters diverges to infinity. The results are numerically illustrated by a
simulated data example.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures. Published in Comm. Statist. Theory Methods. This
version differs from the original in pagination and typographic detail. arXiv
admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1103.269
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