A beer a minute in Texas football: Heavy drinking and the heroizing of the antihero in Friday Night Lights

This article applies a qualitative framing analysis to the first three seasons of the television series Friday Night Lights, focusing particularly on its incorporation of heavy drinking into narrative representations of the player whose character is most consistently central to the game of football as fictionally mediated in small-town Texas over the course of those three seasons. The analysis suggests that over the course of that period Friday Night Lights embeds nuanced social meanings in its framing of alcohol use by that player and other characters so as to associate it with multiple potential outcomes. Yet among those outcomes, the most dominant framing works to, in effect, reverse a progression through which media representations historically evolved from a heroic model toward an antihero model, with heavy drinking central to that narrative process of meaning-making in such messages.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

Sleep phase and gastro-oesophageal reflux in infants at possible risk of SIDS.

The association between gastro-oesophageal reflux and sleep state in 24 infants with confirmed or suspected gastro-oesophageal reflux was studied by monitoring both the pH in the lower oesophagus and polygraphic tracings made during sleep at night. Gastro-oesophageal reflux during the night was confirmed in 20 infants. Three hundred and sixteen precipitous drops of more than one unit of pH were recorded during the studies, 186 during periods of wakefulness. Of 130 drops in pH during sleep, 62 (48%) began during active sleep and 62 during indeterminate sleep. Of the latter, 56 (90%) were associated with brief gross body movements. Only five of the drops in pH (4%) began during quiet sleep. Gastro-oesophageal reflux stopped during active sleep on 56 occasions (43%), in indeterminate sleep in 62 (47%), and in quiet sleep in 12 (9%). Episodes of gastro-oesophageal reflux starting or ending in quiet sleep were uncommon. The occurrence of gastro-oesophageal reflux during active sleep may partly explain why reflux during sleep is a risk factor for pulmonary disease

Are Pakistan's rice markets integrated domestically and with the international markets?

We analyze whether Pakistan has become one domestically integrated rice market and whether Pakistan’s rice markets are integrated with the international markets, using monthly data from 1994 to 2011. During this period, major policy shifts took place. In 2002, Pakistan terminated the price support policy; in 2002-2004 export subsidies were introduced, and in 2008, a minimum export price policy was adopted. We compare the degree of integration before and after 2002. We find that most of the regional rice markets in Pakistan are integrated domestically. Pakistan’s rice markets are also integrated with the international markets, using prices in Thailand and Vietnam as benchmarks. The price support policy abolition seems to have contributed to greater domestic integration, while the subsequent export policies seem to have decreased the extent of Pakistan’s integration with the international markets. However, although Pakistan’s rice markets generally are domestically integrated as well as integrated with the international market, price adjustments are quite slow. Thus, only 3% to 11% of deviations from long-run equilibrium are adjusted on a monthly basis, indicating that a shock in international markets takes several months to be fully transferred to prices in Pakistan