Addendum: New approach to the resummation of logarithms in Higgs-boson decays to a vector quarkonium plus a photon [Phys. Rev. D 95, 054018 (2017)]

In this addendum to Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 95}, 054018 (2017) we recompute the rates for the decays of the Higgs boson to a vector quarkonium plus a photon, where the vector quarkonium is $J/\psi$, $\Upsilon(1S)$, $\Upsilon(2S)$, or $\Upsilon(3S)$. We correct an error in the Abel-Pad\'e summation formula that was used to carry out the evolution of the quarkonium light-cone distribution amplitude in Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 95}, 054018 (2017). We also correct an error in the scale of quarkonium wave function at the origin in Phys.\ Rev.\ D {\bf 95}, 054018 (2017) and introduce several additional refinements in the calculation.Comment: 7 pages, [v2] Abel-Pade summation formula corrected, [v3] PRD versio

ZZ-boson decays to a vector quarkonium plus a photon

We compute the decay rates for the processes $Z\to V+\gamma$, where $Z$ is the $Z$ boson, $\gamma$ is the photon, and $V$ is one of the vector quarkonia $J/\psi$ or $\Upsilon(nS)$, with $n=1$, $2$, or $3$. Our computations include corrections through relative orders $\alpha_s$ and $v^2$ and resummations of logarithms of $m_Z^2/m_Q^2$, to all orders in $\alpha_s$, at NLL accuracy. ($v$ is the velocity of the heavy quark $Q$ or the heavy antiquark $\bar{Q}$ in the quarkonium rest frame, and $m_Z$ and $m_Q$ are the masses of $Z$ and $Q$, respectively.) Our calculations are the first to include both the order-$\alpha_s$ correction to the light-cone distributions amplitude and the resummation of logarithms of $m_Z^2/m_Q^2$ and are the first calculations for the $\Upsilon(2S)$ and $\Upsilon(3S)$ final states. The resummations of logarithms of $m_Z^2/m_Q^2$ that are associated with the order-$\alpha_s$ and order-$v^2$ corrections are carried out by making use of the Abel-Pad\'e method. We confirm the analytic result for the order-$v^2$ correction that was presented in a previous publication, and we correct the relative sign of the direct and indirect amplitudes and some choices of scales in that publication. Our branching fractions for $Z\to J/\psi+\gamma$ and $Z\to \Upsilon(1S)+\gamma$ differ by $2.0\,\sigma$ and $-4.0\,\sigma$, respectively, from the branching fractions that are given in the most recent publication on this topic (in units of the uncertainties that are given in that publication). However, we argue that the uncertainties in the rates are underestimated in that publication.Comment: 26 pages, [v2] references added / [v3] Equation (27) modified, 3 sentences added after Eq. (27), Reference [17] added / [v4] PRD versio

New approach to the resummation of logarithms in Higgs-boson decays to a vector quarkonium plus a photon

We present a calculation of the rates for Higgs-boson decays to a vector heavy-quarkonium state plus a photon, where the heavy quarkonium states are the J/psi and the Upsilon(nS) states, with n=1, 2, or 3. The calculation is carried out in the light-cone formalism, combined with nonrelativistic QCD factorization, and is accurate at leading order in m_Q^2/m_H^2, where m_Q is the heavy-quark mass and m_H is the Higgs-boson mass. The calculation contains corrections through next-to-leading order in the strong-coupling constant alpha_s and the square of the heavy-quark velocity v, and includes a resummation of logarithms of m_H^2/m_Q^2 at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy. We have developed a new method, which makes use of Abel summation, accelerated through the use of Pade approximants, to deal with divergences in the resummed expressions for the quarkonium light-cone distribution amplitudes. This approach allows us to make definitive calculations of the resummation effects. Contributions from the order-alpha_s and order-v^2 corrections to the light-cone distribution amplitudes that we obtain with this new method differ substantially from the corresponding contributions that one obtains from a model light-cone distribution amplitude [M. Koenig and M. Neubert, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2015) 012]. Our results for the real parts of the direct-process amplitudes are considerably smaller than those from one earlier calculation [G. T. Bodwin, H. S. Chung, J.-H. Ee, J. Lee, and F. Petriello, Phys. Rev. D 90, 113010 (2014)], reducing the sensitivity to the Higgs-boson--heavy-quark couplings, and are somewhat smaller than those from another earlier calculation [M. Koenig and M. Neubert, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2015) 012]. However, our results for the standard-model Higgs-boson branching fractions are in good agreement with those in M. Koenig and M. Neubert, J. High Energy Phys. 08 (2015) 012.Comment: 40 pages, improved discussion of the convergence of the nonrelativistic expansion, minor corrections and changes in nomenclature, version published in Phys. Rev.

Operation of a Stark decelerator with optimum acceptance

With a Stark decelerator, beams of neutral polar molecules can be accelerated, guided at a constant velocity, or decelerated. The effectiveness of this process is determined by the 6D volume in phase space from which molecules are accepted by the Stark decelerator. Couplings between the longitudinal and transverse motion of the molecules in the decelerator can reduce this acceptance. These couplings are nearly absent when the decelerator operates such that only every third electric field stage is used for deceleration, while extra transverse focusing is provided by the intermediate stages. For many applications, the acceptance of a Stark decelerator in this so-called $s=3$ mode significantly exceeds that of a decelerator in the conventionally used ($s=1$) mode. This has been experimentally verified by passing a beam of OH radicals through a 2.6 meter long Stark decelerator. The experiments are in quantitative agreement with the results of trajectory calculations, and can qualitatively be explained with a simple model for the 6D acceptance. These results imply that the 6D acceptance of a Stark decelerator in the $s=3$ mode of operation approaches the optimum value, i.e. the value that is obtained when any couplings are neglected.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

Hormonal modifications in patients admitted to an internal intensive care unit for acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure

AbstractTo clarify which endocrine modifications can be observed in acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure, 15 severely ill male patients [PAT; median age: 61 (range: 48 years); median height: 173 (range: 12) cm; median mass: 73 (range 31) kg] were investigated immediately upon admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for this clinical disorder. Before starting treatment, the blood gases were measured and a number of selected hormones with special relevance for an ICU setting were determined. These are known to be modified by acute hypoxaemia in healthy subjects and to possess glucoregulatory properties, or an influence upon cardiocirculation or the vascular volume regulation: insulin, cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, atrial natriuretic peptide, renin, aldosterone, angiotensin converting enzyme, and endothelin-I (ET). To elucidate whether potential endocrine changes resulted from acute hypoxaemia alone, the underlying disease, or unspecific influences connected with the ICU setting, all measurements were compared to those of a completely healthy reference group (REF) with comparable acute experimental hypoxaemia. The latter state was achieved by having the REF breathe a gas mixture with the oxygen content reduced to 14% (H).In the REF, neither the medians nor the distribution of endocrinologic measurements were modified significantly by acute hypoxaemia. In the PAT, the medians were increased considerably, yet with a slight diminution of ET. The distribution of individual values was considerably broader than in the REF with H.In conclusion, considerable increases in the means of the above hormones, with the exception of ET, can be registered in severely ill patients admitted to ICUs with acute hypoxaemic failure. However, such modifications cannot be considered attributable exclusively to acute arterial hypoxaemia. The underlying clinical disorders, such as septicaemia or an unspecific endocrine epiphenomenon, including severe and not only hypoxaemic stress, seem to be predominant

Types of problems elicited by verbal protocols for blind and sighted participants

Verbal protocols are often used in user-based studies of interactive technologies. This study investigated whether different types of problems are revealed by concurrent and retrospective verbal protocols (CVP and RVP) for blind and sighted participants. Eight blind and eight sighted participants undertook both CVP and RVP on four websites. Overall, interactivity problems were significantly more frequent in comparison to content or information architecture problems. In addition, RVP revealed significantly more interactivity problems than CVP for both user groups. Finally, blind participants encountered significantly more interactivity problems than sighted participants. The findings have implications for which protocol is appropriate, depending on the purpose of a particular study and the user groups involved

Selectivity and Sustainability of Electroenzymatic Process for Glucose Conversion to Gluconic Acid

Electroenzymatic processes are interesting solutions for the development of new processes based on renewable feedstocks, renewable energies, and green catalysts. High-selectivity and sustainability of these processes are usually assumed. In this contribution, these two aspects were studied in more detail. In a membrane-less electroenzymatic reactor, 97% product selectivity at 80% glucose conversion to gluconic acid was determined. With the help of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, two main side products were identified. The yields of D-arabinose and formic acid can be controlled by the flow rate and the electroenzymatic reactor mode of operation (fuel cell or ion-pumping). The possible pathways for the side product formation have been discussed. The electroenzymatic cathode was found to be responsible for a decrease in selectivity. The choice of the enzymatic catalyst on the cathode side led to 100% selectivity of gluconic acid at somewhat reduced conversion. Furthermore, sustainability of the electroenzymatic process is estimated based on several sustainability indicators. Although some indicators (like Space Time Yield) are favorable for electroenzymatic process, the E-factor of electroenzymatic process has to improve significantly in order to compete with the fermentation process. This can be achieved by an increase of a cycle time and/or enzyme utilization which is currently low

Are Race, Ethnicity, and Medical School Affiliation Associated with NIH R01 Type Award Probability for Physician Investigators?

This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Acad Med. 2012 November ; 87(11): 1516–1524. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e31826d726b.PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship among NIH R01 Type 1 applicant degree, institution type, and race/ethnicity, and application award probability. METHOD: The authors used 2000–2006 data from the NIH IMPAC II grants database and other sources to determine which individual and institutional characteristics of applicants may affect the probability of applications being awarded funding. They used descriptive statistics and probit models to estimate correlations between race/ethnicity, degree (MD or PhD), and institution type (medical school or other institution), and application award probability, controlling for a large set of observable characteristics. RESULTS: Applications from medical schools were significantly more likely than those from other institutions to receive funding, as were applications from MDs versus PhDs. Overall, applications from blacks and Asians were less likely than those from whites to be awarded funding; however, among applications from MDs at medical schools, there was no difference in funding probability between whites and Asians and the difference between blacks and whites decreased to 7.8 percentage points. The inclusion of human subjects significantly decreased the likelihood of receiving funding. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with applications from whites, applications from blacks have a lower probability of being awarded R01 Type 1 funding, regardless of the investigator’s degree. However, funding probability is increased for applications with MD investigators and for those from medical schools. To some degree, these advantages combine so that applications from black MDs at medical schools have the smallest difference in funding probability compared with those from whites