Physics with a very long neutrino factory baseline

We discuss the neutrino oscillation physics of a very long neutrino factory baseline over a broad range of lengths (between 6000 km and 9000 km), centered on the ``magic baseline'' ($\sim$ 7500 km) where correlations with the leptonic CP phase are suppressed by matter effects. Since the magic baseline depends only on the density, we study the impact of matter density profile effects and density uncertainties over this range, and the impact of detector locations off the optimal baseline. We find that the optimal constant density describing the physics over this entire baseline range is about 5% higher than the average matter density. This implies that the magic baseline is significantly shorter than previously inferred. However, while a single detector optimization requires fine-tuning of the (very long) baseline length, its combination with a near detector at a shorter baseline is much less sensitive to the far detector location and to uncertainties in the matter density. In addition, we point out different applications of this baseline which go beyond its excellent correlation and degeneracy resolution potential. We demonstrate that such a long baseline assists in the improvement of the $\theta_{13}$ precision and in the resolution of the octant degeneracy. Moreover, we show that the neutrino data from such a baseline could be used to extract the matter density along the profile up to 0.24% at $1 \sigma$ for large $\sin^2 2 \theta_{13}$, providing a useful discriminator between different geophysical models.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures. Minor changes, references added; version to appear in Phys. Rev.

Identifying Demand with Multidimensional Unobservables: A Random Functions Approach

We explore the identification of nonseparable models without relying on the property that the model can be inverted in the econometric unobservables. In particular, we allow for infinite dimensional unobservables. In the context of a demand system, this allows each product to have multiple unobservables. We identify the distribution of demand both unconditional and conditional on market observables, which allows us to identify several quantities of economic interest such as the (conditional and unconditional) distributions of elasticities and the distribution of price effects following a merger. Our approach is based on a significant generalization of the linear in random coefficients model that only restricts the random functions to be analytic in the endogenous variables, which is satisfied by several standard demand models used in practice. We assume an (unknown) countable support for the the distribution of the infinite dimensional unobservables.

Pengaruh Dividend Per Share, Earning Per Share Dan Loan to Deposit Ratio Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Perbankan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

This research aims to investiagte and analyse simultaneous and partial effects of dividend per share, earning per share and loan to deposit ratio on stock price at banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Sample of this research covers 12 out of 32 population listed banking companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Those samples have been selected using purposive sampling technique. This is a descriptive verificative research using multiple linear regressions as an analysis method. The results show that the effects of dividend per share, earning per share and loan to deposit ratio on stock price is 73.9 % (adjusted R-square) and the rest 26.1 % has been affected by other factors. Simultaneous test of multiple linear regressions indicates that dividend per share, earning per share and loan to deposit ratio perform significant effects on stock price. Partially, dividend per share and loan to deposit ratio do not perform significant on stock price. Meanwhile, earning per share performs significant effect on stock price

Quantifying Isoniazid Levels in Small Hair Samples: A Novel Method for Assessing Adherence during the Treatment of Latent and Active Tuberculosis.

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from an infectious pathogen worldwide and the most prevalent opportunistic infection in people living with HIV. Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces the incidence of active TB and reduces morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients independently of antiretroviral therapy. However, treatment of latent or active TB is lengthy and inter-patient variability in pharmacokinetics and adherence common. Current methods of assessing adherence to TB treatment using drug levels in plasma or urine assess short-term exposure and pose logistical challenges. Drug concentrations in hair assess long-term exposure and have demonstrated pharmacodynamic relevance in HIV.MethodsA large hair sample from a patient with active TB was obtained for assay development. Methods to pulverize hair and extract isoniazid were optimized and then the drug detected by liquid chromatography/ tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). The method was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, recovery, linearity and stability to establish the assay's suitability for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Hair samples from patients on directly-observe isoniazid-based latent or active TB therapy from the San Francisco Department of Public Health TB clinic were then tested.ResultsOur LC/MS-MS-based assay detected isoniazid in quantities as low as 0.02ng/mg using 10-25 strands hair. Concentrations in spiked samples demonstrated linearity from 0.05-50ng/mg. Assay precision and accuracy for spiked quality-control samples were high, with an overall recovery rate of 79.5%. In 18 patients with latent or active TB on treatment, isoniazid was detected across a wide linear dynamic range.ConclusionsAn LC-MS/MS-based assay to quantify isoniazid levels in hair with performance characteristics suitable for TDM was developed and validated. Hair concentrations of isoniazid assess long-term exposure and may be useful for monitoring adherence to latent or active TB treatment in the setting of HIV

Neutrino Induced Upward Going Muons from a Gamma Ray Burst in a Neutrino Telescope of Km^2 Area

The number of neutrino induced upward going muons from a single Gamma Ray Burst (GRB) expected to be detected by the proposed kilometer scale IceCube detector at the South Pole location has been calculated. The effects of the Lorentz factor, total energy of the GRB emitted in neutrinos and its distance from the observer (red shift) on the number of neutrino events from the GRB have been examined. The present investigation reveals that there is possibility of exploring the early Universe with the proposed kilometer scale IceCube neutrino telescope.Comment: 18pages, 5 figures. Physical Review D in pres

High-energy Atmospheric Muon Flux Expected at India-Based Neutrino Observatory

We calculate the zenith-angle dependence of conventional and prompt high-energy muon fluxes at India-Based Neutrino Observatory (INO) depth. This study demonstrates a possibility to discriminate models of the charm hadroproduction including the low-x QCD behaviour of hadronic cross-sections relevant at very high energies.Comment: 10 pages. 8 figures, 3 table

Pertumbuhan Dan Produktivitas Sawi Pak Choy (Brasica Rapa L.) Pada Umur Transplanting Dan Pemberian Mulsa Organik

Potensi produksi tanaman pak choy belum optimal, rendahnya produksi pak choy dikarenakan pada teknik budidayanya petani cendrung tidak memperhatikan kondisi lingkungan mikro dan masih belum adanya standart transplanting yang tepat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknik budidaya pak choy dengan penggunaan mulsa dan saat transplanting yang tepat. Dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei - Juli 2013 di Desa Pandanrejo, Kecamatan Bumiaji - Batu. Penelitian menggunakan Ranca-ngan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 16 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan ialah pak choy tanpa mulsa dengan umur transplanting 5, 10, 15 dan 20 hss, pak choy dengan pemberian mulsa sekam dengan umur transplanting 5, 10, 15 dan 20 hss, pak choy dengan pemberian mulsa jerami dengan umur transplanting 5, 10, 15 dan 20 hss, pak choy dengan pemberian mulsa paitan dengan umur transplanting 5, 10, 15 dan 20 hss. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara mulsa organik dan umur transplanting pada pertumbuhan dan produktivitas pak choy. Pertumbuhan pak choy yang ditransplanting 20 hst lebih cepat dibandingkan 5 hst disemua variabel pertumbuhan

Mentoring the Mentors: Implementation and Evaluation of Four Fogarty-Sponsored Mentoring Training Workshops in Low-and Middle-Income Countries.

A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of competent mentoring in academic research. We describe the development, implementation, and evaluation of four regional 2-day intensive workshops to train mid- and senior-level investigators conducting public health, clinical, and basic science research across multiple academic institutions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) on tools and techniques of effective mentoring. Sponsored by the Fogarty International Center, workshops included didactic presentations, interactive discussions, and small-group problem-based learning and were conducted in Lima, Peru; Mombasa, Kenya; Bangalore, India; and Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2013 to 2016. Mid- or senior-level faculty from multiple academic institutions within each region applied and were selected. Thirty faculty from 12 South America-based institutions, 29 faculty from eight East Africa-based institutions, 37 faculty from 14 South Asia-based institutions, and 36 faculty from 13 Africa-based institutions participated, with diverse representation across disciplines, gender, and academic rank. Discussions and evaluations revealed important comparisons and contrasts in the practice of mentoring, and specific barriers and facilitators to mentoring within each cultural and regional context. Specific regional issues related to hierarchy, the post-colonial legacy, and diversity arose as challenges to mentoring in different parts of the world. Common barriers included a lack of a culture of mentoring, time constraints, lack of formal training, and a lack of recognition for mentoring. These workshops provided valuable training, were among the first of their kind, were well-attended, rated highly, and provided concepts and a structure for the development and strengthening of formal mentoring programs across LMIC institutions

Synthesis of bulk, dense, nanocrystalline yttrium aluminum garnet from amorphous powders

Amorphous powders of Al2O3x2014;37.5 mol% Y2O3 (yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)) were prepared by coprecipitation, decomposed at 800xB0;C, and hot-pressed uniaxally at low temperature (600xB0;C) and a moderate pressure (750 MPa). Optimum conditions yielded microstructures with only 2% porosity and partial crystallization of YAG. Further processing using high quasi-hydrostatic pressure (1 GPa) at 1000xB0;C enabled the production of fully crystallized YAG with gt;96% relative density and a nanocrystalline grain size of x223C;70 nm. 13