Foundational stigma: place‐based stigma in the age before advanced marginality.

This paper joins the debate on the formation of territorial stigma by uncovering the existence of a form of “foundational stigma” that preceded place-based stigma of the era of advanced marginality. I show that not only were the traces of stigma present prior to the era of advanced marginality but that these early traces facilitate later forms of stigma by providing the necessary foundations upon which adhesive and detrimental stigma was operationalized. Following a critical discourse analysis approach, this paper examines coverage in the British press of Toxteth, Liverpool between 1900 and 1981 as a paradigmatic case study to show that this primitive stigma existed in three key ways: relating to inter-community strife, to crime, and to substandard housing conditions. These traces of stigma laid the foundations for later forms of stigma based on the presence of the poor, violent, deviant other that would be operationalized by dominant voices during the era of advanced marginality

Changes in the Policy Environment For Infant and Young Child feeding in Vietnam, Bangladesh, and Ethiopia, and the Role of Targeted Advocacy

There is limited literature examining shifts in policy environments for nutrition and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) over time, and on the potential contribution of targeted advocacy to improved policy environments in low- and middle-income countries. This study tracked changes in the policy environment over a four-year period in three countries, and examined the role of targeted nutrition and IYCF advocacy strategies by a global initiative

Liner Shipping Companies and Terminal Operators: Internationalisation or Globalisation?

Issues of global integration between liner shipping companies and ports and terminals are investigated. For several years there has been a significant reorganisation and concentration of operators with the result that an increasing proportion of container shipping, handling and distribution capacity is now in the hands of fewer, larger companies. It is likely that this trend will continue into the foreseeable future. It is shown that in some areas, such as Europe, concentration of ownership is approaching saturation: freedom of choice and shortage of competition are becoming major issues. In both shipping and ports, while several companies are large, very few can claim to be truly global, although many aspire to be. For terminal operators, a certain minimum geographical coverage in terms of handling capacity is needed, and for liner shipping companies a minimum fleet slot capacity is likewise required. The increasingly complex pattern of ownership through, for example, shareholdings, suggests that there is a need for a clearer policy towards terminal ownership and shipping capacity provision at the global level, to ensure that a reasonable level of fair competition is maintained. Maritime Economics & Logistics (2003) 5, 393–412. doi:10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100088

Applying fuzzy quality function deployment (QFD) to identify solutions of service delivery system for port of Kaohsiung

Service delivery system, Port of Kaohsiung, Fuzzy quality function deployment (fuzzy QFD),