1,399 research outputs found
Electronic structure near the 1/8-anomaly in La-based cuprates
We report an angle resolved photoemission study of the electronic structure
of the pseudogap state in \NdLSCO ( K). Two opposite dispersing Fermi
arcs are the main result of this study. The several scenarios that can explain
this observation are discussed.Comment: A high-resolution version can be found at
http://lns.web.psi.ch/lns/download/Pockets/arXiv.pd
The coherent {\it d}-wave superconducting gap in underdoped LaSrCuO as studied by angle-resolved photoemission
We present angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data on
moderately underdoped LaSrCuO at temperatures below and
above the superconducting transition temperature. Unlike previous studies of
this material, we observe sharp spectral peaks along the entire underlying
Fermi surface in the superconducting state. These peaks trace out an energy gap
that follows a simple {\it d}-wave form, with a maximum superconducting gap of
14 meV. Our results are consistent with a single gap picture for the cuprates.
Furthermore our data on the even more underdoped sample
LaSrCuO also show sharp spectral peaks, even at the
antinode, with a maximum superconducting gap of 26 meV.Comment: Accepted by Phys. Rev. Let
Scandinavian clinical practice guideline on fluid and drug therapy in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome.
To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files.
This article is open access.The objective of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI) task force on fluid and drug therapy in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was to provide clinically relevant, evidence-based treatment recommendations according to standards for trustworthy guidelines.The guideline was developed according to standards for trustworthy guidelines, including a systematic review of the literature and use of the GRADE methodology for assessment of the quality of evidence and for moving from evidence to recommendations.A total of seven ARDS interventions were assessed. We suggest fluid restriction in patients with ARDS (weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence). Also, we suggest early use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) in patients with severe ARDS (weak recommendation, moderate quality evidence). We recommend against the routine use of other drugs, including corticosteroids, beta2 agonists, statins, and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) or prostanoids in adults with ARDS (strong recommendations: low- to high-quality evidence). These recommendations do not preclude the use of any drug or combination of drugs targeting underlying or co-existing disorders.This guideline emphasizes the paucity of evidence of benefit - and potential for harm - of common interventions in adults with ARDS and highlights the need for prudence when considering use of non-licensed interventions in this patient population.Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI
Spectroscopic evidence for preformed Cooper pairs in the pseudogap phase of cuprates
Angle-resolved photoemission on underdoped LaSrCuO
reveals that in the pseudogap phase, the dispersion has two branches located
above and below the Fermi level with a minimum at the Fermi momentum. This is
characteristic of the Bogoliubov dispersion in the superconducting state. We
also observe that the superconducting and pseudogaps have the same d-wave form
with the same amplitude. Our observations provide direct evidence for preformed
Cooper pairs, implying that the pseudogap phase is a precursor to
superconductivity
Use of dietary indices to control for diet in human gut microbiota studies
Background: Environmental factors have a large influence on the composition of the human gut microbiota. One of the most influential and well-studied is host diet. To assess and interpret the impact of non-dietary factors on the gut microbiota, we endeavoured to determine the most appropriate method to summarise community variation attributable to dietary effects. Dietary habits are multidimensional with internal correlations. This complexity can be simplified by using dietary indices that quantify dietary variance in a single measure and offer a means of controlling for diet in microbiota studies. However, to date, the applicability of different dietary indices to gut microbiota studies has not been assessed. Here, we use food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data from members of the TwinsUK cohort to create three different dietary measures applicable in western-diet populations: The Healthy Eating Index (HEI), the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and the Healthy Food Diversity index (HFD-Index). We validate and compare these three indices to determine which best summarises dietary influences on gut microbiota composition. Results: All three indices were independently validated using established measures of health, and all were significantly associated with microbiota measures; the HEI had the highest t values in models of alpha diversity measures, and had the highest number of associations with microbial taxa. Beta diversity analyses showed the HEI explained the greatest variance of microbiota composition. In paired tests between twins discordant for dietary index score, the HEI was associated with the greatest variation of taxa and twin dissimilarity. Conclusions: We find that the HEI explains the most variance in, and has the strongest association with, gut microbiota composition in a western (UK) population, suggesting that it may be the best summary measure to capture gut microbiota variance attributable to habitual diet in comparable populations
Coexpression of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain and the PDGF beta receptor in isolated pancreatic islet cells stimulates DNA synthesis.
Anisotropic quasiparticle scattering rates in slightly underdoped to optimally doped high-temperature \LSCO\ superconductors
An angle-resolved photoemission study of the scattering rate in the
superconducting phase of the high-temperature superconductor \LSCO\ with
and , as a function of binding energy and momentum, is
presented. We observe that the scattering rate scales linearly with binding
energy up to the high-energy scale eV. The scattering rate is
found to be strongly anisotropic, with a minimum along the (0,0)-()
direction. A possible connection to a quantum-critical point is discussed.Comment: Final version published in PR
When low- and high-energy electronic responses meet in cuprate superconductors
The existence of coherent quasiparticles near the Fermi energy in the low
temperature state of high-temperature superconductors has been well established
by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). This technique directly
probes the momentum-resolved electronic excitation spectrum of the CuO
planes. We present a study of close to optimally doped
LaSrCuO in the superconducting state and report an abrupt
change in the quasiparticle spectral function, as we follow the dispersion of
the ARPES signal from the Fermi energy up to 0.6 eV. The interruption in the
quasiparticle dispersion separates coherent quasiparticle peaks at low energies
from broad incoherent excitations at high energies. We find that the boundary
between these low-energy and high-energy features exhibits a cosine-shaped
momentum dependence, reminiscent of the superconducting d-wave gap. Further
intriguing similarities between characteristics of the incoherent excitations
and quasiparticle properties (lifetime, Fermi arcs) suggest a close relation
between the electronic response at high and low energies in cuprate
superconductors
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