Supplementary Material for: A case of long-term survival with recurrent liver metastases from gastric cancer treated with nivolumab

Introduction: Improvements in overall survival from advanced gastric cancer have recently been reported with nivolumab. However, few reports have described long-term survival after discontinuing treatment. Case presentation: A 67-year-old man diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer and abdominal aortic aneurysm initially underwent distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection. Histological examination revealed tub2 and T2N1M0 stage IIA. One month later, endovascular aneurysm repair was performed. Six weeks after gastrectomy, adjuvant chemotherapy with S-1 was started. Six months later, liver metastases were identified and liver segments S1 and S7 were resected. S-1 and oxaliplatin were added postoperatively, but multiple liver metastases recurred. Paclitaxel and ramucirumab, irinotecan, and docetaxel were administered. Liver metastases showed a temporary reduction in size then enlarged again. Nivolumab was therefore administered and the liver metastases showed a significant reduction in size. The interval between doses gradually increased due to persistent general fatigue. At 28 months after starting nivolumab therapy, bronchitis and adrenal insufficiency appeared, so treatment was discontinued. As of 3.5 years after cessation of nivolumab immunotherapy, tumor regression continued to be maintained. The patient remains alive as of 8 years after recurrence of liver metastases. Conclusion: We encountered a case in which the patient received nivolumab therapy for recurrent liver metastases from gastric cancer and survived long-term after discontinuing treatment

Relationships among rapid isometric torque variables and vertical jump performance in college football players: Influence of body mass normalization

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between absolute and body mass–normalized rapid isometric torque variables and vertical jump (VJ) performance of the leg extensors and flexors in elite National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Subdivision collegiate American football players. Thirty-one players performed isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the leg extensor and flexor muscle groups and a countermovement VJ. Rate of torque development (RTD) and the contractile impulse (IMPULSE) were determined from 0 to 30, 0 to 50, 0 to 100, and 0 to 200 milliseconds from the onset of muscular contraction. The relationships between absolute and normalized rapid torque variables and VJ performance were assessed using correlation coefficients (r). There were no significant correlations (p . 0.05) observed between the absolute rapid torque variables and VJ performance, except for leg flexion RTD at 0–200 milliseconds (p = 0.024). All normalized rapid torque variables of the leg extensors and flexors were significantly correlated to VJ performance (p # 0.001–0.026). These findings indicated that normalizing rapid torque variables to body mass improves the relationships between isometric rapid torque variables and VJ performance and normalized leg extension and flexion are both similarly related to VJ performance. Strength and conditioning professionals may use these findings in an attempt to identify and monitor dynamic sport performance. Furthermore, future studies examining the relationship between dynamic on the field performances and laboratory-based isometric strength testing may consider including normalized rapid torque variables

Isometric rapid torque characteristics as predictors of playing status in division I collegiate football players

This study examined the discriminability of maximal isometric strength and rapid torque characteristics among elite Division I collegiate football players (Starters N = 16; Non-starters N = 15). Ss performed two isometric maximal voluntary contractions with the leg flexor and extensor muscle groups with one minute of recovery between each contraction and three minutes of recovery between muscle groups. Peak torque was calculated as the highest 0.5 s epoch of the torque-time curve. Rate of torque development and contractile impulse were determined from the time intervals of 0-30, 0-50, 0-100, and 100-200ms of the torque-time curve. Peak rate of torque development, time to peak rate of torque development and absolute torque (torque at 30, 50, 100 and 200ms) were also calculated. For the leg flexors, rate-of-torque-development at 30ms, contractile-impulse at 30ms, contractile-impulse at 50ms, and absolute-torque at 30ms were greater and time to peak rate of torque development was shorter for the starters when compared to the non-starters. There were no significant differences between starters and non-starters for maximal isometric peak torque, rate of torque development (peak), and later rapid torque characteristics (\u3e100 ms from onset of contraction) of the leg flexors and all isometric torque and torque-time variables for the leg extensors. The leg extensors were greater for all torque and rapid torque variables and less for time to peak rate of torque development when compared to the leg flexors for all players. Implication. Early rapid torque-time variables of the leg flexor muscle group may effectively discriminate among playing ability in Division I collegiate football players. It might be appropriate to train early rapid muscle contraction characteristics as a major part of weight training activities for the leg flexors

Relationships between rapid isometric torque characteristics and vertical jump performance in Division I collegiate American football players: Influence of body mass normalization

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships between absolute and body mass-normalized rapid isometric torque variables and vertical jump (VJ) performance of the leg extensors and flexors in elite National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Subdivision collegiate American football players. Thirty-one players performed isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the leg extensor and flexor muscle groups and a countermovement VJ. Rate of torque development (RTD) and the contractile impulse (IMPULSE) were determined from 0 to 30, 0 to 50, 0 to 100, and 0 to 200 milliseconds from the onset of muscular contraction. The relationships between absolute and normalized rapid torque variables and VJ performance were assessed using correlation coefficients (r). There were no significant correlations (p . 0.05) observed between the absolute rapid torque variables and VJ performance, except for leg flexion RTD at 0-200 milliseconds (p = 0.024). All normalized rapid torque variables of the leg extensors and flexors were significantly correlated to VJ performance (p # 0.001-0.026). These findings indicated that normalizing rapid torque variables to body mass improves the relationships between isometric rapid torque variables and VJ performance and normalized leg extension and flexion are both similarly related to VJ performance. Strength and conditioning professionals may use these findings in an attempt to identify and monitor dynamic sport performance. Furthermore, future studies examining the relationship between dynamic on the field performances and laboratory-based isometric strength testing may consider including normalized rapid torque variables