12 research outputs found

    Epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of the umbilical cord prolapse at the Befelatanana University Hospital Centre of Obstetric Gynecology in Antananarivo, Madagascar

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    Background: Umbilical cord prolapse is a major obstetrical emergency that threatens the fetal prognosis during labor. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiologic and clinical profile of pulsatile cord prolapse at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetric Gynecology.Methods: It is about a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at the Befelatanana University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Antananarivo over a period of 3 years, from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2014. We have identified all cases of umbilical cord prolapse. We studied obstetric, neonatal and maternal parameters.Results: We found 70 cases of pulsatile umbilical cord prolapse, a prevalence of 0.28% of deliveries. The average age of the patients was 28 ± 3.2 years with extremes ranging from 18 to 43 years. Multiparous women predominated with (51.43%) Pregnancy was long term, with 71.43% of cases associated with placenta praevia, lateral prolapse of the limb, long cord and contracted pelvis. The prolapse of the cord was 1st degree with 44.29% of cases. All patients had received (100%) of oxygen therapy. Almost all patients were caesarized (95.71%). Neonatal complications were represented by admission to neonatal intensive care unit (32.86%), perinatal asphyxia (31.43%), prematurity (28.57%), neonatal infection (4.29%) and neonatal death (10%).Conclusions: The umbilical cord prolapse is relatively rare. Fetal extraction in the shortest possible time, especially when the cord is externalized, which is the main determining factor of neonatal prognosis

    Effet des Variables Agro-Écologiques sur la Distribution de la VĂ©gĂ©tation de la RĂŽneraie AnthropisĂ©e de Dasga au Niger

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    Cette Ă©tude a pour objectif de contribuer Ă  la gestion durable de la rĂŽneraie de Dasga Ă  travers l’analyse de la phytodiversitĂ© et des paramĂštres Ă©cologiques influençant la distribution de sa vĂ©gĂ©tation. Les mĂ©thodes de relevĂ© phytosociologique et d’analyses multivariĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es. Les relevĂ©s de la vĂ©gĂ©tation ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s selon l’approche sigmatiste de Braun-Blanquet (1932) et les techniques d’analyses multivariĂ©es employĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© celles relatives Ă  l’analyse factorielle des correspondances dĂ©tendancĂ©es (DCA) et l’analyse canonique des correspondances (CCA). Au total 144 espĂšces rĂ©parties dans 100 genres et 50 familles ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es Ă  partir de 68 relevĂ©s. Cette flore a Ă©tĂ© dominĂ©e par une forte prĂ©sence des thĂ©rophytes et d’espĂšces Ă  large distribution pantropicale et palĂ©otropicale, montrant ainsi un environnement aride et perturbĂ©. Les analyses multivariĂ©es (DCA et CCA) ont permis d’identifier les gradients de distribution des plantes. Parmi les variables testĂ©es, seules la pente et les cultures se sont revelĂ©es dĂ©terminantes dans la structuration de la vĂ©gĂ©tation par le test de permutation de Monte Carlo. Ces variables agro-Ă©cologiques sembleraient ĂȘtre les paramĂštres majeurs de la distribution des espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales dans cette rĂŽneraie. Ainsi la comprĂ©hension des relations entre la vĂ©gĂ©tation et les paramĂštres Ă©cologiques peut ĂȘtre utilisĂ©e comme outil d’amĂ©nagement durable des rĂŽneraies au Niger. The objective of this study is to contribute to the sustainable management of the Dasga palm trees forest by analyzing the phytodiversity and ecological parameters guiding the distribution of vegetation. The methods of phytosociological survey and multivariate analyzes were used. The vegetation surveys were carried out according to the sigmatistic approach of Braun-Blanquet (1932) and the multivariate analysis techniques used were those relating to factorial analysis of relaxed correspondence (DCA) and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). A total of 144 species belonging to 100 genera and 50 families were recorded from 68 plots. This flora is dominated by a strong presence of therophytes and species with broad pantropical and palaeotropical distribution, thusshowing an arid and perturbed environment. The multivariate analyzes (DCA and CCA) sow among the variables tested; only the slope and the crops were determinants in the structuring of the vegetation by the Monte Carlo permutation test. These ecological variables would appear to be the major parameters of species distribution. Thus the understanding of the relationships between vegetation and ecological parameters can be used as a tool for sustainable management of this palm trees forest

    Influence des Parcs agro-forestiers Ă  Piliostigma reticulatum sur l’infestation des plants de mil par les insectes floricoles et Coniesta ignefusalis (Hmps) (LĂ©pidoptĂšre : Pyralidae) dans la zone d’AguiĂ© au Niger.

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    Objectif : Partant de l’expĂ©rience empirique des paysans, une Ă©valuation de l’effet de la prĂ©sence du parc afroforestier Ă  Piliostigma reticulatum sur l’infestation du mil aux insectes floricoles et du Coniesta ignefusalis foreur du mil, est rĂ©alisĂ©e dans la zone d’AguiĂ©. L’objectif est de dĂ©terminer les logiques de la pratique des cultures sous P. reticulatum dans la rĂ©gion d’AguiĂ© et de la justifier Ă  travers des Ă©valuations entomologiques et de rendement du mil.MĂ©thodologie et RĂ©sultat : Trois champs de paysan sont choisis afin de conduire l’expĂ©rimentation avec l’implication des paysans dans la gestion des essais. Dans chaque champ, il a Ă©tĂ© semĂ© Haini Kirey PrĂ©coce (HKP) et le P. reticulatum est dĂ©nombrĂ© selon l’ñge (0- 2 ans ; 3-5 ans ; plus de ans). Deux tĂ©moins sont choisis : Faidherbia albida de plus de 6 ans et une parcelle sans arbre au niveau de chacun champ. A la maturitĂ© du mil, les insectes sont collectĂ©s sur les Ă©pies du mil ainsi que le nombre de larves de C. ignefusalis et le rendement est Ă©valuĂ© avec les producteurs. Il ressort de ces rĂ©sultats que la densitĂ© des insectes floricoles obtenue dans les systĂšmes agroforestiers Ă  P. reticulatum est faible par rapport aux deux tĂ©moins. Sous P. reticulatum ĂągĂ© de 6 ans et plus, le rendement en grains de mil est de 683 Kg/ha, au niveau de celui ĂągĂ© de 3 Ă  5 ans le rendement en grains est de 550 Kg/ha et enfin au niveau de celui ĂągĂ© de 0 Ă  2 ans, il est de 533 Kg/ha. Les paysans sĂšment sous P. reticulatum Ă  cause de sa contribution dans l’augmentation de rendement.Conclusion et application : La floraison de P. reticulatum dĂ©gage des essences qui semblent avoir d’effet rĂ©pulsif sur les insectes floricoles. Ce qui explique le bon rendement de mil obtenu dans les parcelles Ă  P. reticulatum ĂągĂ© de plus de 6 ans. Cette Ă©tude encourage les paysans Ă  pratiquer la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle ou assistĂ©e de P. reticulatum du fait de son importance dans l’amĂ©lioration du rendement de mil qui constitue la base de leur alimentation.Mots clĂ©s : P. reticulatum, insectes floricoles, Coniesta ignefusalis, mil, AguiĂ©, Nige

    Why is the spatial variability of millet yield high at farm level in the Sahel? Implications for research and development

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    Millet yields are highly variable even within the same farm in the Sahel. A conceptual model of the phenomenon was designed and quantitative analysis of key relationships was conducted based on the available published studies. We found that the high spatial variability of millet yield is due to two main edaphic factors: soil fertility properties and water availability. It is still unknown whether the spatial variability of the two main factors is inherent to Sahelian soils. However, some biotic and abiotic factors induce and even maintain the variability of the main factors. The biotic factors include the presence of trees, termite’s activity, fertility management practices, pests, and diseases. Abiotic factors include rainfall (amount, intensity, and distribution) and wind erosion. The major soil chemical properties which strongly influence spatial yield variability include organic carbon, pH, aluminum saturation, and available phosphorus. Millet yield was positively and strongly correlated with P (r2=0.80, p < 0.001), moderately with pH (r2=0.30, p < 0.001), but strongly and negatively with the logarithm of aluminum saturation (r2=0.54, p < 0.001). Water availability is affected mainly by the soil physical properties, which strongly impact millet yield variability through infiltration rate and water retention capacity. The underlying properties are soil structure, texture, and soil surface conditions. The inadequate consideration of soil heterogeneity could also explain the low level of farmer adoption of the recommendations regarding soil fertility improvement based on experimental research or decision support. This situation calls for improved precision agriculture technologies that are compatible with Sahelian farmers’ socio-economic conditions
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