On triangles with coordinates of vertices from the terms of the sequences {U_kn} and {V_kn}

In this paper, we determine some results of the triangles with coordinates of vertices involving the terms of the sequences {Ukn} and {Vkn} where Ukn are terms of a second order recurrent sequence and Vkn are terms in the companion sequence for odd positive integer k, generalizing works of Čerin. For example, the cotangent of the Brocard angle of the triangle Δkn is cot(ΩΔkn = (Uk(2n+3)V2k − Vk(2n+3)Uk) / ((−1)nU2k)

A rare entity bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures

First rib fractures are scarce due to their well-protected anatomic locations. Bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures are very rare, although they may be together with scapular and clavicular fractures. According to our knowledge, no case of bilateral first rib fractures accompanying bilateral scapular fractures has been reported, so we herein discussed the diagnosis, treatment, and complications of bone fractures due to thoracic trauma in bias of this rare entity

Tonsillar Kaposi Sarcoma in an HIV-Negative Patient: A Case Report

Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare malignancy associated with AIDS and usually affects skin. The most common causative agent is the Human Herpes Virus Type 8 (HHV-8). In the literature, there are few case reports about KS with no association to AIDS. In this case report, we report a 72-year-old HIV (-) woman who presented to our clinic with a complaint of fast swelling in the right palatine tonsil and was histopathologically diagnosed as tonsillar KS

Increased mean platelet volume in patients with infective endocarditis and embolic events

Background: Platelet activation appears to play an important role in thromboembolic com­plications of infective endocarditis (IE). Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a potentially useful marker of platelet activity and a quick and easy determinant of thrombotic risk. Hence the aim of this study was to investigate the baseline platelet volume indices (MPV and platelet distribution width [PDW]) in IE patients who developed embolic events in the follow-up period and who did not. Methods: The study group consisted of 76 consecutive patients (female: 55, male: 21, mean age: 26 years old, ranged: 8–64 years) with definite IE according to Duke Criteria. Thirty four healthy subjects, who were age and gender adjusted, served as the control group. The mean duration of hospital stay was 44 days. Results: Among the IE patients, 13 (13/76, 17.1%) had major embolic events. Significantly larger vegetations were observed in patients with embolic events as compared to non-embolic group (1.4 vs. 1.0 cm, p = 0.03). MPV at hospital admission was higher in patients who had embolic events in the follow-up period compared to both those who did not and the control subjects (10.62 ± 1.13 vs. 9.25 ± 0.97 and 8.93 ± 0.82 fL, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, the patients with embolic events had increased PDW compared to the non-embolic ones and the control group (16.31 ± 2.42 vs. 14.35 ± 1.97 and 14.04 ± 1.82%, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that IE patients with embolic events had in­creased MPV and PDW values, compared to non-embolics. Future prospective studies with standardized measurements may clarify the clinical role of platelet volume indices in thrombo­embolic complications of IE

Clinical presentations and diagnostic work-up in sarcoidosis: A series of Turkish cases (clinics and diagnosis of sarcoidosis)

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous disease. It usually affects the lung. The diagnosis may be problematic since the known causes of granulomatous inflammation must be excluded. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches of sarcoidosis. The study protocol was sent via internet, and the participants were asked to send the information (clinical, radiological and diagnostic) on newly diagnosed sarcoidosis cases. 293 patients were enrolled within two years. Pulmonary symptoms were found in 73.3% of the patients, and cough was the most common one (53.2%), followed by dyspnea (40.3%). Constitutional symptoms were occured in half of the patients. The most common one was fatigue (38.6%). The most common physical sign was eritema nodosum (17.1%). The most common chest radiograhical sign was bilateral hilar lymphadenomegaly (78.8%). Staging according to chest X-ray has revealed that most of the patients were in Stage I and Stage II (51.9% and 31.7%, respectively). Sarcoidosis was confirmed histopathologically in 265 (90.4%) patients. Although one-third of the bronchoscopy was revealed normal, mucosal hyperemi (19.8%) and external compression of the bronchial wall (16.8%) were common abnormal findings. The 100% success rate was obtained in mediastinoscopy among the frequently used sampling methods. Transbronchial biopsy was the most frequently used method with 48.8% success rate. Considering sarcoidosis with its most common and also rare findings in the differential diagnosis, organizing the related procedures according to the possibly effected areas, and the expertise of the team would favor multimodality diagnosis

First-line treatment of patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer

Fluoropyrimidine+cisplatin/oxaliplatin+trastuzumab therapy is recommended for the first-line treatment of HER2-positive metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. However, there is no comprehensive study on which platinum-based treatment should be preferred. This study aimed to compare the treatment response and survival characteristics of patients with HER2-positive metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer who received fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and leucovorin (mFOLFOX)+trastuzumab or cisplatin and fluorouracil (CF)+trastuzumab as first-line therapy. It was a multicenter, retrospective study of the Turkish Oncology Group, which included 243 patients from 21 oncology centers. There were 113 patients in the mFOLFOX+trastuzumab arm and 130 patients in the CF+trastuzumab arm. The median age was 62 years in the mFOLFOX+trastuzumab arm and 61 years in the CF+trastuzumab arm (P = 0.495). 81.4% of patients in the mFOLFOX+trastuzumab arm and 83.1% in the CF+trastuzumab arm had gastric tumor localization (P = 0.735). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly higher in the mFOLFOX+trastuzumab arm (9.4 months vs. 7.3 months, P = 0.024). The median overall survival (OS) was similar in both groups (18.4 months vs. 15.1 months, P = 0.640). Maintenance trastuzumab was continued after chemotherapy in 101 patients. In this subgroup, the median OS was 23.3 months and the median PFS was 13.3 months. In conclusion, mFOLFOX+trastuzumab is similar to CF+trastuzumab in terms of the median OS, but it is more effective in terms of the median PFS in the first-line treatment of HER2-positive metastatic gastric and GEJ cancer. The choice of treatment should be made by considering the prominent toxicity findings of the chemotherapy regimens

Analysis of factors affecting adolescent patients’ demands for orthodontic treatment

AbstractAim: This study aimed to evaluate the factors that affect adolescent patients’ treatment requests and determine their main reasons for demanding orthodontic treatment.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study included 360 (189 female and 171 male) adolescents (mean age: 15.49±2.28 years) who demanded orthodontic treatment. Face-to-face interviews were conducted by an orthodontist using a specially structured questionnaire to determine the reasons for these demands. Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to analyze the relationships between dental malocclusion groups and reasons for demanding treatment. Statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05.Results: The demands for orthodontic treatment did not differ between male and female patients but were significantly affected by malocclusion type. Patients concerned with dental crowding (DC) demanded orthodontic treatment the most (50.6%), regardless of DC severity, followed by patients (30.6%) concerned with dental esthetics (30.6%). Overall, 57.8% of patients who demanded orthodontic treatment reported a problem in the maxillary anterior teeth. Regarding the relationship between demanding orthodontic treatment and patients’ problematic areas, no relationship was observed for class I and II malocclusions but a relationship was observed for class III malocclusions.Discussion: It is necessary to identify adolescent patients’ reasons for demanding orthodontic treatment and establish what would represent a successful treatment outcome. Regardless of DC severity, irregularity in the upper anterior region was the most common reason for patients to demand treatment.KeywordsDemand for Treatment; Dental Malocclusion; Dental Crowding; Orthodontic Treatment</p

Ortodontik tedavilerde kullanılan farklı kesici diş intrüzyon mekaniklerinin değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortodontik tedavilerde kullanılan dört farklı kesici diş intrüzyon mekaniğinin kullanım yaygınlıklarının belirlenmesi ve bu mekaniklerin dental maloklüzyon tipi,&nbsp;ortodontik tedavi tipi, uygulandığı çene, intrüzyon miktarı ve kullanılan ark teli materyali ve boyutu ile ilişkilerinin değerlendirilmesidir.&nbsp;Yöntem:&nbsp;Retrospektif olarak gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmaya daha önceden ortodontik tedavi görmüş olan 136 Angle Sınıf I (ortalama yaş: 15.24 ±&nbsp;2.11 yıl), 134 Angle Sınıf II (ortalama yaş: 14.35 ± 2.62 yıl), 133 Angle Sınıf III (ortalama yaş: 16.12&nbsp;± 3.01 yıl) molar ilişkiye sahip olan toplam 403 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastalara tedavi sırasında uygulanan işlemlerin analizi çalışmanın gerçekleştirildiği ortodonti kliniğinde kullanılan interaktif bilgisayar yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu yazılım kullanılarak ikinci düzen step bükümleri, Quiros intrüzyon arkı, Jarabak intrüzyon arkı ve intrüzyon ilave edilmiş&nbsp;retraksiyon&nbsp;arkları ile intrüzyon uygulanan işlemler incelenmiştir. Elde edilen kategorik verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirilmesi amacıyla Pearson Ki-Kare ve Fisher’s Exact testleri kullanılmıştır.&nbsp;Bulgular:&nbsp;İntrüzyon miktarına göre tercih edilen intrüzyon mekaniği arasındaki ilişki değerlendirildiğinde kesici dişlere 0.5 mm ve 1 mm intrüzyon uygulamak için en fazla tercih edilen seçeneğin step bükümü olduğu, 2 mm intrüzyon uygulamak için ise en fazla tercih edilen seçeneğin Jarabak intrüzyon arkı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kesici dişlerde 3 mm intrüzyon elde etmek için kullanılan mekanikler değerlendirildiğinde Quiros ve Jarabak intrüzyon arklarının eşit sayıda kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Alt veya üst çeneye uygulanan intrüzyon mekaniklerinin kullanım yaygınlığı değerlendirildiğinde step bükümünün diğer mekaniklere kıyasla üst çenede istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede daha fazla uygulandığı belirlenmiştir.&nbsp;Sonuç:&nbsp;Klinikte en fazla&nbsp;kullanılan intrüzyon miktarı olan 1 mm’ye kadar olan intrüzyonlar için ikinci düzen step bükümü tercih edilmektedir. Üst çenede daha fazla sayıda intrüzyon işlemi yapılmış olup tüm mekanikler için 0.016 x 0.022 inç boyutunda paslanmaz çelik tel en fazla tercih edilen materyaldir. İntrüzyon miktarı hastanın bireysel özelliklerine, tedavi hedeflerine ve estetik beklentilere görebelirlenmelidir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Ortodonti, derin kapanış, intrüzyonAim: The purpose of this study is to determine the usage prevalence of four different incisor intrusion arch mechanics used in the orthodontic treatment and to reveal the relationship of these mechanics with dental malocclusion type, treatment type, jaw applied, amount of intrusion, arch wire material and arch wire size used.&nbsp;Methods: A total of 403 patients, 136 Angle Class I (mean&nbsp;age: 15.24±2.11 years), 134 Angle Class II (mean age: 14.35±2.62 years), 133 Angle Class III (mean age: 16.12±3.01 years) patients with orthodontic treatment were included&nbsp;in this retrospective study. The analysis of the procedures applied to the patients during the treatment was carried out using interactive computer software used in the orthodontics clinic. In the study, the second order step, Quiros, Jarabak and intrusion added retraction arches and intrusion processes were examined. Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests were used for statistical evaluation of the categorical data.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;When the relationship between preferred intrusion mechanics is evaluated according to the amount of intrusion; the most preferred mechanics for 0.5-1 mm intrusion is step bending, the most preferred mechanics for 2 mm intrusion is the Jarabak intrusion arch, and for 3 mm intrusion, Quiros and Jarabak intrusion mechanics are used in equal numbers has been determined. When the usage prevalence of intrusion mechanics applied to the lower or upper jaw was evaluated, it was determined that step bending was applied to the upper jaw statistically significantly more than other mechanics.&nbsp;Conclusion:&nbsp;The second order step bending is preferred for intrusions up to 1 mm, which is the most used intrusion amount in the clinic. A greater number of intrusions have been made in the upper jaw and 0.016 x 0.022 -inch stainless steel wire is the most preferred material for all mechanics. The amount of intrusion should be determined according to the individual characteristics of the patient, treatment objectives and aesthetic expectations.Keywords: Orthodontics, deep bite, intrusion</div