The genetic history of the Southern Arc: a bridge between West Asia and Europe

By sequencing 727 ancient individuals from the Southern Arc (Anatolia and its neighbors in Southeastern Europe and West Asia) over 10,000 years, we contextualize its Chalcolithic period and Bronze Age (about 5000 to 1000 BCE), when extensive gene flow entangled it with the Eurasian steppe. Two streams of migration transmitted Caucasus and Anatolian/Levantine ancestry northward, and the Yamnaya pastoralists, formed on the steppe, then spread southward into the Balkans and across the Caucasus into Armenia, where they left numerous patrilineal descendants. Anatolia was transformed by intra–West Asian gene flow, with negligible impact of the later Yamnaya migrations. This contrasts with all other regions where Indo-European languages were spoken, suggesting that the homeland of the Indo-Anatolian language family was in West Asia, with only secondary dispersals of non-Anatolian Indo-Europeans from the steppe

Fruit growth dynamics and color properties of some pomegranate varieties and genotypes

Bu çalışmanın amacı, nar çeşit ve tiplerinin pomolojik ve fenolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmayla, bazı nar çeşit (Çekirdeksiz VI) ve tiplerinin (Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz ve Nuz Ekşi) Gaziantep koşullarındaki meyve büyüme dinamikleri ile renk özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, iki yıl süreyle meyvelerin enboy büyüme durumları ile meyve dane ve kabuk renk değişimleri incelenmiştir. Denemede Nuz Ekşi’nin, diğer genotiplere kıyasla her iki yılda da daha fazla geliştiği saptanmıştır. Her iki yılda da tüm genotiplerin meyve en-boy büyüme ilişkisi pozitif ve önemli bulunmuştur. Benzer yüksek pozitif ilişkiler, meyve eni ile dönem ve meyve boyu ile dönem arasında da elde edilmiştir. Kabuk L* değeri yıllara ve genotiplere göre değişmekle beraber, 46.12 - 100.63 arasında belirlenmiştir. İki yıllık ortalamaya göre; kabuk renginde en yüksek a* değeri Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz’de (32.80), b* değeri ise Çekirdeksiz VI’da (43.64) belirlenmiştir. Meyve kabuk rengi kroma (C* ) değerleri 35.23 ile 48.68 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Nuz Ekşi ve Çekirdeksiz VI’nın kabuk Hue değerlerinin (65.67 ve 59.80), Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz (40.80) genotipinden anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dane L* değerlerine göre en parlak genotipin Çekirdeksiz VI (80.23), en az parlak genotipin ise Nuz Ekşi (66.94) olduğu tespit edilmiştir.The aim of this study was to determine pomological and phenological characteristics of some pomegranates varieties and types. In the study, growth dynamics and color characteristics of some varieties (Çekirdeksiz VI) and types (Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz ve Nuz Ekşi) of pomegranates within Gaziantep conditions were determined. Widthlength growth conditions with color changes in fruit seed and peel were observed for two years. It was found that Nuz Ekşi developed more in both years compared with other genotypes. The fruit widthlength growth relationship of all genotypes in both years was found to be positively significant. Similar high positive relationships were obtained between fruit width with period and fruit length with period. Peel L* value was determined between 46.12 - 100.63 although it varied for years and genotypes. According to the two-year average; the highest a* value in the bark color was determined in Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz (32.80), and b* was determined in Çekirdeksiz VI (43.64). Fruit peel color chroma (C* ) values ranged between 35.23 and 48.68. Nuz Ekşi and Çekirdeksiz VI's peel Hue values (65.67 and 59.80) were found to be significantly higher than the Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz (40.80) genotype. According to seed L* values, the brightest genotype was Çekirdeksiz VI (80.23) and the least shiny genotype was Nuz Ekşi (66.94)

Bazı Nar Çeşit ve Tiplerinin Meyve Büyüme Dinamiği ile Renk Özellikleri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, nar çeşit ve tiplerinin pomolojik ve fenolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmayla, bazı nar çeşit (Çekirdeksiz VI) ve tiplerinin (Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz ve Nuz Ekşi) Gaziantep koşullarındaki meyve büyüme dinamikleri ile renk özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, iki yıl süreyle meyvelerin enboy büyüme durumları ile meyve dane ve kabuk renk değişimleri incelenmiştir. Denemede Nuz Ekşi’nin, diğer genotiplere kıyasla her iki yılda da daha fazla geliştiği saptanmıştır. Her iki yılda da tüm genotiplerin meyve en-boy büyüme ilişkisi pozitif ve önemli bulunmuştur. Benzer yüksek pozitif ilişkiler, meyve eni ile dönem ve meyve boyu ile dönem arasında da elde edilmiştir. Kabuk L* değeri yıllara ve genotiplere göre değişmekle beraber, 46.12 - 100.63 arasında belirlenmiştir. İki yıllık ortalamaya göre; kabuk renginde en yüksek a* değeri Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz’de (32.80), b* değeri ise Çekirdeksiz VI’da (43.64) belirlenmiştir. Meyve kabuk rengi kroma (C* ) değerleri 35.23 ile 48.68 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Nuz Ekşi ve Çekirdeksiz VI’nın kabuk Hue değerlerinin (65.67 ve 59.80), Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz (40.80) genotipinden anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dane L* değerlerine göre en parlak genotipin Çekirdeksiz VI (80.23), en az parlak genotipin ise Nuz Ekşi (66.94) olduğu tespit edilmiştir.The aim of this study was to determine pomological and phenological characteristics of some pomegranates varieties and types. In the study, growth dynamics and color characteristics of some varieties (Çekirdeksiz VI) and types (Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz ve Nuz Ekşi) of pomegranates within Gaziantep conditions were determined. Widthlength growth conditions with color changes in fruit seed and peel were observed for two years. It was found that Nuz Ekşi developed more in both years compared with other genotypes. The fruit widthlength growth relationship of all genotypes in both years was found to be positively significant. Similar high positive relationships were obtained between fruit width with period and fruit length with period. Peel L* value was determined between 46.12 - 100.63 although it varied for years and genotypes. According to the two-year average; the highest a* value in the bark color was determined in Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz (32.80), and b* was determined in Çekirdeksiz VI (43.64). Fruit peel color chroma (C* ) values ranged between 35.23 and 48.68. Nuz Ekşi and Çekirdeksiz VI's peel Hue values (65.67 and 59.80) were found to be significantly higher than the Oğuzeli Çekirdeksiz (40.80) genotype. According to seed L* values, the brightest genotype was Çekirdeksiz VI (80.23) and the least shiny genotype was Nuz Ekşi (66.94)

Clinical presentations and diagnostic work-up in sarcoidosis: A series of Turkish cases (clinics and diagnosis of sarcoidosis) Sarkoidozlu olgularda klinik görünüm ve tanısal yaklaşım: Türk olgu serisi (sarkoidoz kliniǧi ve tanı yaklaşımları)

Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous disease. It usually affects the lung. The diagnosis may be problematic since the known causes of granulomatous inflammation must be excluded. This multicenter study aimed to evaluate the clinical presentations and diagnostic approaches of sarcoidosis. The study protocol was sent via internet, and the participants were asked to send the information (clinical, radiological and diagnostic) on newly diagnosed sarcoidosis cases. 293 patients were enrolled within two years. Pulmonary symptoms were found in 73.3% of the patients, and cough was the most common one (53.2%), followed by dyspnea (40.3%). Constitutional symptoms were occured in half of the patients. The most common one was fatigue (38.6%). The most common physical sign was eritema nodosum (17.1%). The most common chest radiograhical sign was bilateral hilar lymphadenomegaly (78.8%). Staging according to chest X-ray has revealed that most of the patients were in Stage I and Stage II (51.9% and 31.7%, respectively). Sarcoidosis was confirmed histopathologically in 265 (90.4%) patients. Although one-third of the bronchoscopy was revealed normal, mucosal hyperemi (19.8%) and external compression of the bronchial wall (16.8%) were common abnormal findings. The 100% success rate was obtained in mediastinoscopy among the frequently used sampling methods. Transbronchial biopsy was the most frequently used method with 48.8% success rate. Considering sarcoidosis with its most common and also rare findings in the differential diagnosis, organizing the related procedures according to the possibly effected areas, and the expertise of the team would favor multimodality diagnosis

A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia

Literary and archaeological sources have preserved a rich history of Southern Europe and West Asia since the Bronze Age that can be complemented by genetics. Mycenaean period elites in Greece did not differ from the general population and included both people with some steppe ancestry and others, like the Griffin Warrior, without it. Similarly, people in the central area of the Urartian Kingdom around Lake Van lacked the steppe ancestry characteristic of the kingdom's northern provinces. Anatolia exhibited extraordinary continuity down to the Roman and Byzantine periods, with its people serving as the demographic core of much of the Roman Empire, including the city of Rome itself. During medieval times, migrations associated with Slavic and Turkic speakers profoundly affected the region

Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia

We present the first ancient DNA data from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic of Mesopotamia (Southeastern Turkey and Northern Iraq), Cyprus, and the Northwestern Zagros, along with the first data from Neolithic Armenia. We show that these and neighboring populations were formed through admixture of pre-Neolithic sources related to Anatolian, Caucasus, and Levantine hunter-gatherers, forming a Neolithic continuum of ancestry mirroring the geography of West Asia. By analyzing Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic populations of Anatolia, we show that the former were derived from admixture between Mesopotamian-related and local Epipaleolithic-related sources, but the latter experienced additional Levantine-related gene flow, thus documenting at least two pulses of migration from the Fertile Crescent heartland to the early farmers of Anatolia