Payanda ve FRP ile güçlendirilmiş betonarme minarelerin karşılaştırmalı sismik analizi

In recent earthquakes occurred in Turkey, an unexpected number of reinforced concrete (RC) minarets were heavily damaged or collapsed causing loss of lives and economic damages. These structures can be counted as the most common constructed slender structures in Turkey. Therefore, the detailed behavior of these slender structures should be determined in order to strengthen the existing ones and construct safer and stronger RC minarets. In this study, the most common constructed types of RC minarets were analyzed under 17 August 1999 Mw 7.4 Kocaeli Earthquake for the determination of the effectiveness of strengthening techniques namely fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) and buttresses. Also, soil-structure interaction (SSI) is included in the dynamic seismic analyses of the minarets as proposed by Burman et al. (2012). At the end of the analyses performed, it was determined that FRP strengthening is more effective in enhancing the seismic response of RC minarets as the height of the minaret increases when compared with the buttress strengthening. Also, the stress demand locations predicted from the dynamic seismic analyses of the representative minarets were found to be consistent with the damages observed in recent earthquakes.Türkiye'de son zamanlarda meydana gelen depremlerde, beklenmeyen sayıda betonarme minare, can ve ekonomi kaybına neden olarak ağır hasar görmüş veya tamamen yıkılmıştır. Bu yapılar, Türkiye'deki en yaygın inşa edilmiş narin yapılar olarak sayılabilir. Bu nedenle, bu narin yapıların ayrıntılı davranışı, mevcut yapıların güçlendirilmesi ve daha güvenli ve güçlü betonarme minarelerin inşa edilmesi için belirlenmelidir. Bu çalışmada, en yaygın inşa edilmiş betonarme minare tipleri, 17 Ağustos 1999 Mw 7.4 Kocaeli Depremi etkisi altında, güçlendirme tekniklerinin, yani lifli polimerlerin (LP) ve payandaların etkinliğinin tespiti için analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, Burman vd. (2012) tarafından önerilen zemin-yapı etkileşimi, minarelerin dinamik sismik analizlerine dahil edilmiştir. Yapılan analizlerin sonunda, LP güçlendirmesinin, yükseklik artışı oldukça payanda takviyesiyle güçlendirmeye kıyasla betonarme minarelerin sismik davranışında daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, temsili minarelerin dinamik sismik analizlerinden tahmin edilen gerilme talep bölgelerinin son depremlerde gözlemlenen hasarlarla tutarlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Dynamic Seismic and Wind Response of Masonry Minarets

Historical masonry structures i.e. minarets, towers, mosques or bastions are the heritage of past generations to the future societies as they carry the traces of the past communities. Among these structures, historical masonry minarets are one of the most generally constructed structure that reflects the beauty and magnificence of Islamic culture. Under severe winds and earthquakes, most of them were severely damaged or collapsed. Therefore, it is an inevitable duty for us to conduct and investigate their dynamic behavior under these vital actions of nature. In this study, the dynamic seismic and wind response of a historical minaret of İskenderpaşa Mosque that is selected from the technical literature is investigated by using different methods i.e. wind loading procedures of TS498, CICIND Model Code and Eurocode 1, the design spectrums of CICIND Model Code and Eurocode 8 for different types of soils, the time histories of real ground motions of Düzce and Kocaeli Earthquakes. At the end of the study, top joint displacements and stress distributions are obtained and interpreted. The findings of this study showed that the dynamic behavior of this historical masonry minaret is wind dominant (CICIND Model Code) and tensile and shear stress accumulations at the junction point of transition segment and cylindrical body of the minaret is the main reason for the collapse without showing any ductile behavior

An experimental investigation of the parameters to classify wind sites

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Izmir, 2002Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 107-108)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 108 leavesWind data measured on Izmir Institute of Technology campus area have been used to evaluate the wind power potential on this location. Measured data set and its evaluation showed that Izmir Institute of Technology campus area has a considerable wind potential. Mean wind speeds have been found 7.03 m/s at 10 m height and 8.14 m/s at 30 m height. The prevailing wind direction has also been found as north direction. WAsP and WindPRO softwares have been used to evaluate the wind statistics and energy calculations. Wind turbines with 600 kW and 1500 kW nominal power have been fitted as the most efficient ones. Suitable sites were selected according to created average wind speed map and wind energy maps of campus area.Fourty seven 600 kW turbines with a total capacity of 28.2 MW and twenty six 1500kW turbines with a total capacity of 39 MW were located on the selected sites separately. The annual energy productions of the 600 kW and 1500 kW wind turbines have been calculated as respectively 100.3 GWh/year and 122.4 GWh/year

Wind energy potential estimation and micrositting on Izmir Institute of Technology Campus, Turkey

The aim of this study was to predict the wind energy content over the campus area of Izmir Institute of Technology. The wind data were collected at 10 and 30 m mast heights for a period of 16 months. Mean wind speeds were 7.03 and 8.14 m/s at 10 and 30 m mast heights, respectively. The 'WAsP' and 'WindPRO' softwares were used for the wind statistics and energy calculations. Suitable sites were selected according to the created wind power and energy maps. Wind turbines with nominal powers between 600 and 1500 kW were established for annual energy production calculations and best fitted ones were used for the micrositting.İYTE (AFP-2001 MUH 01

Wind loads for stadium lighting towers according to Eurocode 1

The determination of actions on structures is an important step of in the design process. In nature, so many outer and inner actions are acting on structures continuously. The two most important ones of those actions are the earthquake and wind actions. For some structures, i.e. towers, high chimneys or lighting towers, the priority of these two severe actions can change. Wind forces can become a governing force on the design of these structures. Therefore, the determination of wind forces for these tall, slender and wind-sensitive structures becomes very important. Also, these tall and slender structures have a high ratio of height to least diameter that makes them more slender and wind-sensitive than any other structures. In this study, the determination of wind loads for a selected and modeled stadium lighting tower was given according to Eurocode 1 which is an international well-known standard. This study showed that it is difficult to calculate wind loads of stadium lighting towers according to Eurocode 1 because of the complexity of the document, insufficient explanation of some formulas like resonant response factor and unclear graph sections for the reader. This study is believed to enlighten the way of the users of Eurocode 1

Osmanlı’da Tömbeki tütünü ve nargile kültürü

Nargile dilimize İran’dan girmiş. Nar gülle (ateş gülle), nar kelle (ateş başlı), nar külah (ateş külahlı), nar kille (ateş damlı) anlamlarında ama hangisinden türemiş olduğu kesin olarak belirlenememiştir. Bu konuda bir başka görüş de ilk nargilenin Hindistan’da ceviz kabuğundan yapılmış olduğundan dolayı “narçıl” dendiğidir. Bu terim ise Farsçada “narçil”e dönüşmüştür. Abdülhak Hamid, “Meşceret-i Târ” adlı şiirinde bu nedenle olsa gerek “narçile”yi kullanmıştır. Nargile Hindistan’dan İran’a geldikten sonra tüm Arap ülkelerine, Anadolu’ya ve dünyaya İran’dan yayılmıştır

Examining Teaching Styles of Academicians Employed in Faculties of Sports Sciences

The aim of this study is to determine teaching styles of faculty members employed in several universities in Turkey. To that end, 105 faculty members employed in Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Atatürk University, Erzurum Technical University, Bartın University, Sakarya University, Adıyaman University, Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey University and Gazi University participated in the study. In this study, Grasha’s Teaching Styles Inventory was used as the data collection tool. In the analysis of data, t-test, One-Way ANOVA and correlation analysis were utilized as well as mean and standard deviation values. Results of the study revealed that teaching styles of the faculty members did not differ by gender. In the analyses conducted with respect to academic title, a statistically significant difference was found between those with title of lecturer and associate professor and those with title of professor in terms of expert style and personal style sub-dimensions. Considering teaching styles, expert, authoritarian and personal styles were found to be high; facilitator and delegator styles were found to be moderate among faculty members

Analysis of Organizational Justice in Relation to Organizational Commitment in a Turkish Shipyard Organization

This study explored the relationships between organizational justice perception and commitment among shipyard employees in a maritime organization in Türkiye. Data were collected using two-scale and sociodemographic questionnaires that were answered via email or hand by 290 participants who were shipyard workers in Antalya, Türkiye. The questionnaire included the organizational justice scale consisting of 20 questions, the organizational commitment scale consisting of 18 questions, and 7 questions about demographic characteristics. To analyze the data, IBM SPSS 26 was used. A simple linear regression analysis technique was used to determine the effects between scales. Moreover, interviews were conducted with the employees using the semistructured interview method. It was determined that there was a positive, high-level relationship between organizational justice scale subdimension scores and total scores and this relationship was statistically significant. It was also shown that there was a positive, low-level relationship among the organizational commitment subdimensions' scores of the employees and that the relationship was statistically significant. Regression analysis identified that the organizational justice scale total scores of the employees had a statistically remarkable impact on the organizational commitment scale total scores

İkna Bilgi Modeli Bağlamında Üstbilişin Reklamdan Kaçınma Üzerindeki Etkisi

İkna Bilgi Modeli’ne göre reklam gibi ikna edici araçlara yönelik, tüketiciler zamanla bilgi toplamaktadır. Tüketici tarafından toplanan bu bilgiler tüketicinin ikna edici mesajlara yönelik olan düşüncelerinin yanı sıra, tüketicinin zihninde kendi ikna edilme durumları hakkındaki düşünceleri de kapsamaktadır. Kişinin ikna girişimlerinin yanı sıra kendi ikna durumları hakkındaki düşüncelerini ifade eden ikna bilgisi kavramı, literatürde üstbiliş olarak adlandırılmaktadır. İkna bilgisinin, üstbilişsel olarak kullanımının sonucunda kişiler ikna edici araçlara yakınlaştıkları gibi bu araçlardan kaçınma eğiliminde de bulunabilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın problemi kişilerin ikna bilgisi kullanımları doğrultusunda üstbilişin internet reklamlarından kaçınmaları üzerindeki düzenleme etkisini bulmaktır. Çalışmanın amacı, üstbiliş fonksiyonlarından biri olan üstbilişsel düzenlemenin, ikna bilgi modeli doğrultusunda internet reklamlarından kaçınma üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu doğrultuda üstbilişsel düzenleme faktörleri olarak düzenleme odaklılığı, hedef uyumluluğu, ikna bilgisi özyeterliği değişkenleri ele alınmış ve ikna bilgisi erişilebilirliği ile birlikte incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda iki farklı tam faktöriyel gruplararası deney yapılmış ve bu deneyler 18-45 yaş arasında Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi’nde 2021 yılında eğitimlerine devam etmekte olan lisans ve lisansüstü öğrenciler üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan deneylerden elde edilen verileri test etmek için İki Yönlü ANCOVA analizi kullanılmıştır. Deneyler sonucunda düzenleme odaklılığı, ikna bilgisi erişilebilirliği, hedef uyumluluğu bağımsız değişkenlerinin, kişilerin ikna bilgisi öz-yeterlikleri doğrultusunda internet reklamlarından kaçınma üzerinde ana faktör etkilerinin bulunmadığı; ancak düzenleme odaklılığı ile ikna bilgi erişilebilirliği, düzenleme odaklılığı ile hedef uyumluluğu değişkenlerinin internet reklamlarından kaçınma üzerinde etkileşim etkilerinin olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Relationship Between Relative Deprivation and Well-Being of Women: Role of Gender System Justification

Subjective well-being is defined as individuals' evaluations of their happiness. Exposure to discrimination is a factor that negatively affects one's subjective well-being. Recent research indicated that women who are exposed to gender discrimination are affected negatively in terms of their subjective well-being. The present study aimed to examine the relationship between women's perception of gender-based relative deprivation and their subjective well-being and the mediator role of the tendency to justify the gender system in this relationship. The sample consisted of 328 voluntary female participants. The participants completed questionnaires, including Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), Gender System Justification Scale, Relative Deprivation Scale, and Demographic Information Form. Obtained results indicated that as the gender-based relative deprivation increased, the level of subjective well-being decreased (B = -0.10, SE = 0.04). Moreover, the gender system justification mediated the relationship between gender-based relative deprivation and women's subjective well-being levels [lower limit (LL) CI: -0.1956, upper limit (UL) CI: -0.0209]. In conclusion, women who believe that they are subjected to gender-based discrimination may question the existing gender system in the society and in this framework, their subjective well-being levels are likely to decrease