Frequency of transposable elements and fungicide resistance in botrytis cinerea populations on strawberries from Aydin and Mersin provinces

Çilek, hem sanayiye elverişli hem de taze olarak tüketilebilen lezzetli ve hoş kokulu bir meyvedir. Üretimde verimi etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden biri bitki koruma problemleridir. Funguslar ürettikleri metabolitlerden dolayı, halk sağlığını tehdit etmenin yanı sıra ciddi ekonomik zararlara da sebep olabilmektedir. Botrytis cinerea dünya çapında 200’den fazla türü enfekte edebilen nekrotrofik bir bitki patojenidir. Çileklerde, B. cinerea populasyonlarındaki transpozon sıklığı ve fungusit dirençliliğini belirmek amacıyla Aydın ilinden üç, Mersin ilinden ise iki lokaliteden örnekler toplanmıştır. Toplanan örnekler PDA besiyerinde saflaştırılmıştır. Saflaştırılan örneklerin morfolojik ve moleküler tanısı yapılmış sonra belirlenen transpozon bölgeleri PCR ile çoğaltılmıştır. Toplamda elde edilen 154 B.cinerea izolatının % 21,1’i transposa, %46,1’i boty, %10,4’ü flipper ve %23,4’ü vacuma grubu olarak bulunmuştur. Aydın populasyonunda transposa % 19,5, boty % 48,3; flipper % 9,2 ve vacuma % 23,0 oranında bulunurken Mersin populasyonunda transposa % 20,9; boty % 43,3; flipper % 11,9 ve vacuma % 23,9 oranında bulunmuştur. Fungusit testlerinin spor aşamasında en etkili fungusit cyprodinil olurken, misel aşamasında fenhexamid olarak bulunmuştur. Yapılan denemelerde fungusitlere direnç durumu, fungusite göre değişmesine rağmen en hassas grup Flipper olarak gözlenmiştir. Test edilen üç fungusit içinde B.cinerea’ya karşı en etkili fungusit, en düşük dozda etki gösteren Fenhexamid iken ikinci sırada Cyprodinil, üçüncü sırada ise Carbendazim olarak bulunmuştur.Strawberry is a delicious fruit that can be consumed fresh and can be used in industry. One of the important factors that effects yield is the plant protection problems. Because of the metabolites that fungi produce, especially in foods, they pose a threat to health and also cause economical problems. Botrytis cinerea causes grey mold disease in over 200 plant species. For the purpose of detecting transposon frequencies and fungicide resistance samples were collected from three different localities from Aydın province, and from two different localities from Mersin province. Samples were incubated on PDA medium and then isoleted from mixed cultures. Morphological and molecular identification of the samples were made. Transposon sites were amplified by PCR. In total 154 B.cinerea samples were isolated of which consists transposa 20.1 %, boty 46.1 %, flipper 10.4 % and vacuma 23.4 %. In Aydın population transposa 19.5 %, boty 48.3 %, flipper 9.2 % and vacuma 23.0 %, in Mersin transposa 20.9 %, boty 43.3 %, flipper 11.9 % and vacuma 23.9 % was found. In spore stage tests of fungicide tests cyprodinil was found the most effective while fenhexamid was found the less effective. In mycelium stage tests of fungicide tests fenhexamid was found the most effective with the lowest concentration while carbendazim was found the less effective with the highest concentration. Flipper group was found most sensitive to the tested fungicides

Fungal Biodiversity of Strawberry Fields in Aydin, TURKEY

Strawberry is a kind of delicious and aromatic fruit, which can be consumed as fresh and also is suitable for industry. However, strawberry is exposed to many fungal diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the fungi that present in the field whether or not pathogenic. Samples were collected from different strawberry fields in Aydın in April 2015. Morphological identification was made according to the shape and color of the colonies, mycelium and spore structures. For molecular identification, ITS rDNA gene region was used. According to morphological and molecular methods, eleven different fungal genera were found on strawberries

Biodiversity of Bacteria Isolated from Home-Made Wine and Vinegar

Wine is an alcoholic beverage made grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water. It has been consumed by human beings in religious ceremonies since ancient times. Vinegar is sour juice that is used as a sweetener in meals, in salads, or as a preservative such as brine. It has a great variety of industrial, medical, and domestic uses are still commonly practiced today. The aim of this study was to determine the bacterial biodiversity of home-made wine and vinegar using classic and molecular methods. Morphological, cultural and biochemical identifications were made according to the Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. For molecular identification 16S rDNA-PCR method was used. PCR results of these samples were send to the sequencing. BLASTn software was used to match our sequences with the ones in GenBank. In this study, bacteria colonies were isolated from home-made wine and vinegar. According to molecular results acetic acid and lactic acid bacteria were found

Synthesis, crystal structure, computational analysis and biological properties of 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3-[2-(2-{2-[3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-thioureido]-ethoxy}ethoxy)ethyl]-thiourea and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes

A new dianionic ligand, 1-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3-[2-(2-{2-[3-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-thioureido]-ethoxy}ethoxy)ethyl]-thiourea(CBEDEA), and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes have been synthesized. X-ray single crystal analysis of CBEDEA shows that the molecule crystallized in the triclinic crystal system, space group P-1, with two molecules per unit cell. The studied compounds were further characterized by FT-IR, UV-VIS,¹H NMR and mass spectroscopy. The metal complexes were isolated as four coordinated ML(M: Ni(II), Cu(II), L:CBEDEA) molecules. Computational studies on CBEDEA gave electrostatic potential energy isovalues which showed that there is a higher probability of metal coordination around the carbonyl and thione groups. Results of non-covalent interaction studies revealed the presence of significant amount of hydrogen bonding and other weak non-covalent interactions in the molecule. Docking calculations on CBEDEA and its Ni(II) and Cu(II) metal complexes revealed that they have affinity for beta-lactamase, a protein implicated in antibiotic drug-resistant mechanism. Complexation with the metal ion shrank the size of the molecule and enabled the metal complexes to fit more appropriately within the binding groove of the protein resulting in the improved affinity over CBEDEA ligand. Target-ligand binding interactions resulted from hydrophobicity and possibility of hydrogen bonding of the molecules. In vitro screening of the compounds against 17 bacteria and 4 yeasts confirmed their antimicrobial potency against more susceptible Gram-positive bacteria. Results of this study suggest that the metal complexes could be developed into novel antimicrobial compounds

Education of healthcare personnel working with pediatric patients during covid-19 pandemic within the framework of infection control Covid-19 pandemisinde enfeksiyon kontrol çalışmaları çerçevesinde çocuk hastalarla çalışan sağlık personeli eğitimi

© 2020, AVES. All rights reserved.Objective: In the early stages of any epidemic caused by new emerging pathogens healthcare personnel is subject to a great risk. Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, proved to be no exception. Many healthcare workers died in the early stages of pandemic due to inadequate precautions and insufficient protection. It is essential to protect and maintain the safety of healthcare personnel for the confinement of pandemic as well as continuity of qualified healthcare services which is already under strain. Educating healthcare personnel on appropiate use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is as essential as procuring them. Material and Methods: A survey is conducted on 4927 healthcare personnel working solely with pediatric patients from 32 different centers. Education given on PPE usage were questioned and analyzed depending on age, sex, occupation and region. Results: Among four thousand nine hundred twelve healthcare personnel from 32 different centers 91% (n= 4457) received education on PPE usage. Of those who received education only 36% was given both theoretical and applied education. Although there was no differences among different occupation groups, receiving education depended on regions. Conclusion: It is essential to educate healthcare personnel appropiately nationwidely for the continuity of qualified healthcare services during the pandemic

SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among pediatric health care personnel just after the first peak of pandemic: A nationwide surveillance.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic affected every single person on earth one way or the other. The healthcare personnel were no exception, their responsibilities as well as their risks being immense. METHODS: 4927 healthcare personnel all working in pediatric units at 32 hospitals from seven different regions of Turkey enrolled to the study to determine the seroprevalence of SARS Co-V-2 after the first peak wave. Point of care serologic lateral flow rapid test kit for IgM/IgG was used (Ecotest CE Assure Tech. Co. Ltd.). Seroprevalence and its association with demographic characteristics and possible risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Nearly 6.1% of healthcare personnel were found to be seropositive for SARS Co-V- 2. Seropositivity was more common among those who did not universally wear protective masks (10.6% vs 6.1%). Having a COVID-19 co-worker increased the likelihood of infection. The least and the most experienced personnel affected more. Most of the seropositive healthcare personnel (68%) did not have any suspicion that they had COVID-19 previously. CONCLUSIONS: Health surveillance for healthcare personnel involving routine point-of-care nucleic acid testing as well as monitoring PPE adherence would be important strategies to protect healthcare personnel from COVID-19 and to reduce nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Evaluation of vaccination status of health care workers for recommended vaccines and their acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are disproportionately exposed to infectious diseases and play a role in nosocomial transmission, making them a key demographic for vaccination. HCW vaccination rates are not optimal in many countries; hence, compulsory vaccination policies have been implemented in some countries. Although these policies are effective and necessary under certain conditions, resolving HCWs’ hesitancies and misconceptions about vaccines is crucial. HCWs have the advantage of direct contact with patients; hence, they can respond to safety concerns, explain the benefits of vaccination, and counter antivaccine campaigns that escalate during pandemics, as has been observed with COVID-19. Method: A short survey was carried out in May–June 2020 on the vaccination status of HCWs working with pediatric patients with COVID-19. The survey inquired about their vaccination status (mumps/measles/rubella [MMR], varicella, influenza, and diphtheria/tetanus [dT]) and willingness to receive hypothetical future COVID-19 vaccines. The respondents were grouped according to gender, age, occupation, and region. Results: In total, 4927 HCWs responded to the survey. Most were young, healthy adults. The overall vaccination rates were 57.8% for dT in the past 10 years, 44.5% for MMR, 33.2% for varicella, and 13.5% for influenza. Vaccination rates were the highest among physicians. The majority of HCWs (81%) stated that they would be willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: Although vaccination rates for well-established vaccines were low, a majority of HCWs were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines when available. Education and administrative trust should be enhanced to increase vaccination rates among HCWs