LA DYNAMIQUE AGRICOLE ET LES MUTATIONS SPATIALES DANS LA COMMUNE DE M’BATTO

Situated in the Centre-East of Ivory Coast, the town of M’Batto like the other town of the country knew a population and economic growth, which created a change in its urban space. A town which economy is strongly influenced by its agriculture. In this way, the other economic sectors are firmly linked to it.Thus, from 1960 to 1980, M’Batto knew a legendary prosperity due to the high price of the binomial coffee-cocoa, considered as “the teats” of the Ivorian economy on the international markets. Nicknamed in local language “M’Batto sika-boutou”, which means the money, is poured on the ground, that town knew a strong spatial transfer from the urban point of view, thanks to the incomes from the agriculture.The town of M’Batto is the type of town, which combined its destiny with agriculture. The consequence of that situation was the spatial dynamic that knew M’Batto from 1960-1980, with more than 27% as urbanization rate.From 1980till now, the cocoa loop moved from the East of the country to the West. From then on, M’Batto has been living an agricultural crisis, which has also affected its urban space. The spatial dynamic of M’Batto depended on the wealth of its rural environment, base of the agricultural prosperity.In that agricultural town, more than 85% of the houses belong to the native farmers. It is for them an evident will to see their living space change by their deliberate actions, because for Agni people building a house in hard in a confirmation of his personality

ASSUÉFRY: NOUVEAU PÔLE DE TRANSACTIONS TRANSFRONTALIÈRES DU NORD-EST DE LA CÔTE D’IVOIRE

The cross-border space of Assuéfry is a crossroads of exchanges between populations of the same zone, with the rest of the country but also with the countries of the sub-region West African. This cross-border position of Assuéfry in the northeast of Ivory Coast, far from being an obstacle to the human setting-up, constitutes on the contrary a zone convenient to the blooming and to the activities of the man. Indeed, considered as one of the localities the most populated with the region of Gontougo with 22699 inhabitants, the sub-prefecture of Assuéfry, in consideration of its border position, presents an ideal frame for the development of economic activities generally and trade in particular. But unfortunately this space has hardly a center deserving of exchanges commercial which can impulse a real development of the activities. It is only the market, the weekly market which holds place of frame of exchanges the speciality of which is the trade especially of the food-producing

L’influence De La Contrebande Sur Le Developpement De La Ville Frontaliere De Niable Au Centre-Est De La Cote d’Ivoire

In the border town of Niablé, smuggling is omnipresent. The operation of this activity is based on the one hand, on social cultural relationship between neigh boring populations, and on the other hand on monetary disparities between Ghana and Côte d’Ivoire. Without denying the truth fullness of such an activity, smugglers, organized in a highly hierarchical system operate according to a strict behavioral code where one’s given word and mutual confidence are the sole modus operandi. It permits them to bring goods of diverse natures (oil products, food, pharmaceuticals, second-hand clothes drinks, etc.) in Niablé. Thus, this activity seems to be a real opportunity for these smugglers, longing for the improvement of their welfare. Besides, the smuggling allows its actors to contribute to the town’s blossoming. Such a perception of smuggling gives an idea of the animation going on in this border town. In a word, though we want it or not smuggling participates in the socio-spatial change of the town even if sometimes, it stands as an obstacle to its development. Through this contribution, we are willing to show the operation of smuggling and its influence on the town of Niablé

STRATEGIES DE GESTION DES CADRES ET CONDITIONS DE VIE DES POPULATIONS A ABOBO

In recent years, the Ivorian government has made improving frameworks of living a priority. Thus was created the Ministry of urban sanitation. Unfortunately, the implementation of policies and strategies for managing solid waste and wastewater is a problem in the city of Abidjan in general and particularly in the Abobo causing degradation of managers and living conditions of people in this county. This study analyzed the main strategies for waste management (solid and liquid ) established by the people of the common objective in Abobo seen to improve their management and living conditions. To do this, an analysis of the overall approach to solid waste management systems and wastewater management by the people was made. Thus, two approaches to solid waste management are adopted by the people of the town. This is the formal management by dealers and informal management or management companies door provided by precollectors door. Precollection door to door is the preferred management as practiced by the people of the town garbage. This system will remove about 76 tons of garbage per day. This low rate of pre-collection is explained by the lack of adequate and appropriate equipment. The pre-fetched quantities are dumped into garbage bins on the sidewalks, in the wild or in places deposits waves. Regarding the wastewater management, two services are used by households. It is the collective system of autonomous t or individual system. Nearly 79.44 % of the population uses the individual system for the disposal of their wastewater. This system raises the issue of product management for emptying septic tanks. These products are not managed in a sanitary manner and causing diseases and degradation of executives and livingIn view of the foregoing , it is recommended that the State and local authorities are involved benefit in the management of waste ( solid and liquid) in the municipality to improve the management and living conditions of populations this common Abidjan device

L’ORGANISATION DE LA CONTREBANDE DANS LA VILLE FRONTALIERE DE NIABLE

Dans la zone frontalière de Niablé, la contrebande est omniprésente. Lefonctionnement de cette activité repose sur la porosité de la frontière, des relationssocioculturelles et la disparité monétaire entre la Ghana et la Côte d’Ivoire. Sans nier lavéracité d’une telle activité qui s’organise à differentes échelle par une typologie decontrebandiers fortement hiérarchisés. Ces contrebandiers opèrent selon un code de conduitestrict où la parole donnée et la confiance mutuelle constituent les fondements des relationsentre acteurs. Ce qui leur permet de faire rentrer des marchandises de diverses natures(produits pétroliers, alimentaires, pharmaceutiques, de la friperie, de la boisson etc.) à Niabléet d’y contribuer l’épanouissement urbain. Cette perception de la contrebande donne une idéede l’animation frontalière de la ville. En un mot, qu’on le veuille ou non, la contrebandeparticipe à la mutation socio-spatiale de la ville même si parfois elle se pose comme un frein àson développement. A travers cette contribution, nous montrons que Niablé subit le diktatd’une activité illicite fortement hiérarchisée en réseaux

L’IMPACT DE L’ELECTRIFICATION EN MILIEU RURAL DANS LA REGION DE L’AGNEBY

Electrification is a collective supply that modernizes rural areas. It favours quantitative and qualitative building development of the villages. It creates basis socioeconomic supplies too. Electrification brought about economic supplies in the Agnéby rural area. It also permits liveliness and economic development in the villages. The biggest villages in the Agnéby are more equipped than the smallest ones. This imbalance is due to the population number and the civil servants’ activities who invest more in the building domain. Electrification facilitates also rural population and thank to the comfort, security, well-being and education that it offers. It is supply which brings about economic activities that help rural population, above all housewives to get out of poverty by practising retail trade. This type of trade is the most profitable economic activity in these villages

IMPACT POLITIQUE ET TERRITORIAL DE LA ROUTE BITUMÉE BONDOUKOU-BOUNA AU NORD-EST DE LA CÔTE D’IVOIRE

The weakness of the public investments in the north-east of Côte d'Ivoire has made this region the most deprived and marginalized area of the country. Isolated from the other part of the country, the north-eastern, especially the region of Bouna is regarded as no man's land, a penitentiary, a prison for the recalcitrant civil servants. Due to the numerous problems of development faced, the region differed completely from the other regions of the country. The populations of this area had feeling that they were not member of the nation in construction. But, since 1997, when the government has tarred the road from Bondoukou to Bouna, the population’s feeling of being member of the nation has increased. From them, this tarred road is an evidence of their citizenship. It has not only reinforced their feeling of being member of the nation but it has also permitted to bring local governance to the doorsteps of the people and enhance decentralization process in the region. It is a political road, a road of national unity, food security and economic defence road in that political context influenced by the concept of " ivoirité "

L’ECOLE, UN OUTIL D’URBANISATION EN CÔTE D’IVOIRE A TRAVERS LES CAS D’ABIDJAN ET DE YAMOUSSOUKRO

The school in the cities of Abidjan and Yamoussoukro, through schools and universities, has in recent years considerable changes both quantitatively and qualitatively. These changes have an impact at all levels, particularly in the urban dynamics of these cities. In Abidjan and Yamoussoukro, the school, through schools and universities, is one of several facilities that have a large spatial extent in the urban dynamics of these cities. Also, these schools and universities participate in change and habitat alteration in these cities. Therefore, the school is important equipment that contributes to habitat change and the urban landscape of the cities of Abidjan and Yamoussoukro. The school, through schools and universities, is presented as a precursor'' significant changes'' [Dhaher, N., 2009], the dynamics of urban development in the cities of Abidjan and Yamoussoukro