25 research outputs found

    Body composition in patients with classical homocystinuria: body mass relates to homocysteine and choline metabolism

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    Introduction: Classical homocystinuria is a rare genetic disease caused by cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency, resulting in homocysteine accumulation. Growing evidence suggests that reduced fat mass in patients with classical homocystinuria may be associated with alterations in choline and homocysteine pathways. This study aimed to evaluate the body composition of patients with classical homocystinuria, identifying changes in body fat percentage and correlating findings with biochemical markers of homocysteine and choline pathways, lipoprotein levels and bone mineral density (BMD) T-scores.Methods: Nine patients with classical homocystinuria were included in the study. Levels of homocysteine, methionine, cysteine, choline, betaine, dimethylglycine and ethanolamine were determined. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) in patients and in 18 controls. Data on the last BMD measurement and lipoprotein profile were obtained from medical records.Results: of 9 patients, 4 (44%) had a low body fat percentage, but no statistically significant differences were found between patients and controls. Homocysteine and methionine levels were negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), while cysteine showed a positive correlation with BMI (p < 0.05). There was a trend between total choline levels and body fat percentage (r = 0.439, p = 0.07). HDL cholesterol correlated with choline and ethanolamine levels (r = 0.757, p = 0.049; r = 0.847, p = 0.016, respectively), and total cholesterol also correlated with choline levels (r = 0.775, p = 0.041). There was no association between BMD T-scores and body composition.Conclusions: These results suggest that reduced fat mass is common in patients with classical homocystinuria, and that alterations in homocysteine and choline pathways affect body mass and lipid metabolism. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Research Incentive Fund (Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa, FIPE) of HCPAPRONEM/FAPERGSConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Postgrad Program Genet & Mol Biol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, BRAIN Lab Basic Res & Adv Invest Neurosci, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Med Genet Serv, BR-90035003 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Reference Ctr Inborn Errors Metab, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Physiol, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Gynecol Endocrinol Unit,Div Endocrinol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Food & Nutr Res Ctr, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilRobert Debre Hosp, AP HP, Biochem Hormonol Lab, Paris, FranceUniv Med Ctr Freiburg, Dept Gen Pediat, Lab Clin Biochem & Metab, Freiburg, GermanyUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Reference Ctr Inborn Errors Metab, São Paulo, BrazilResearch Incentive Fund (Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa, FIPE) of HCPA: 11-0386PRONEM/FAPERGS: 11/2043-0CNPq: 308816/2013-7CNPq: 301742/2010-3CAPES: 12785-11Web of Scienc

    Acesso ao tratamento para fenilcetonúria por via judicial no Rio Grande do Sul

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    Treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU) includes the use of a metabolic formula which should be provided free of charge by the Unified Health System (SUS). This retrospective, observational study sought to characterize judicial channels to obtain PKU treatment in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. Lawsuits filed between 2001– 2010 and having as beneficiaries PKU patients requesting treatment for the disease were included. Of 20 lawsuits filed, corresponding to 16.8% of RS patients with PKU, 19 were retrieved for analysis. Of these, only two sought to obtain therapies other than metabolic formula. In all the other 17 cases, prior treatment requests had been granted by the State Department of Health. Defendants included the State (n = 19), the Union (n = 1), and municipalities (n = 4). In 18/19 cases, the courts ruled in favor of the plaintiffs. Violation of the right to health and discontinuation of State-provided treatment were the main reasons for judicial recourse. Unlike other genetic diseases, patients with PKU seek legal remedy to obtain a product already covered by the national pharmaceutical assistance policy, suggesting that management failures are a driving factor for judicialization in Brazil.O tratamento da fenilcetonúria (PKU) inclui o uso de uma fórmula metabólica (FM) fornecida sem custos pelo Sistema Único de Saú- de (SUS). O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o uso da via judicial para obter tratamento para PKU no estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil, através de um estudo retrospectivo e observacional, analisando ações judiciais. Foram incluídas ações judiciais arquivadas entre 2001-2010 que possuíam como beneficiários indivíduos com PKU solicitando alguma forma de tratamento para PKU. Foram localizados 20 casos, correspondendo a 16,8% dos pacientes com PKU no RS, sendo 19 obtidos para análise. Somente dois procuravam obter outras terapias que a FM. Nos outros 17 casos, uma solicitação de tratamento anterior fora concedida pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Os réus incluem o Estado (n = 19), União (n = 1) e municípios (n = 4). Em 18/19 casos, os tribunais decidiram a favor dos demandantes. Violação do direito à saúde e interrupção do tratamento prestado pelo Estado foram os principais motivos para recorrer aos tribunais. Diferente de outras doen- ças genéticas, os pacientes com PKU buscam o meio jurídico para obter um produto já incluso na política de assistência farmacêutica nacional, sugerindo que falhas de gestão são um dos fatores desencadeantes da judicialização no país

    Estudo clínico sobre a relação entre fenilalanina, citocinas, tetraidrobiopterina e marcadores de estresse oxidativo usando como modelos a deficiência de fenilalanina hidroxilase e a deficiência de piruvoil tetraidropterina sintase

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    Introdução: A compreensão do envolvimento do sistema imune na Deficiência de Fenilalanina Hidroxilase (PAH) e na Deficiência de Piruvoil Tetraidropterina Sintase (PTPS), doenças genéticas que cursam com hiperfenilalaninemia (HPA) e cujos pacientes podem ser beneficiados pela administração de tetraidrobiopterina (BH4), é de fundamental importância haja vista que o estado inflamatório parece influenciar a síntese e a oxidação do cofator BH4. Ambas são consideradas erros inatos do metabolismo que cursam com déficit mental quando o diagnóstico e tratamento não são estabelecidos precocemente. A Deficiência de PAH, apesar de rara, é muito relevante para o Sistema Único de Saúde visto que pertence ao grupo de doenças incluídas no Programa Nacional de Triagem Neonatal. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre BH4, fenilalanina (Phe), citocinas e marcadores de estresse oxidativo em uma amostra de pacientes brasileiros com Deficiência de PAH submetidos ao teste de responsividade ao BH4 e em pacientes com Deficiência de PTPS. Métodos: Estudo transversal, controlado, com amostragem por conveniência. Foram incluídas amostras de plasma de 17 pacientes com Deficiência de PAH coletadas antes e 27 horas após a administração de L-Phe (100mg/kg) e após 27 horas da administração combinada de L-Phe+BH4 (100mg/kg de L-Phe e 20mg/kg de BH4), para medida dos níveis de Phe, citocinas e marcadores de estresse oxidativo. Nos pacientes com Deficiência de PTPS (n= 2), foram realizadas coletas antes e após 4 horas da administração de BH4 para análise dos mesmos parâmetros. Todas as amostras foram pareadas com indivíduos hígidos de acordo com sexo e idade. Para determinação das citocinas foi utilizado o kit Human Cytokine Magnetic 10-Plex Panel - InvitrogenTM (Luminex®), o qual disponibiliza as dosagens de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1β, IL-8, IL6, TNF-α, IFN-γ e GM-CSF) e anti-inflamatórias (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 e IL-10). Em relação aos marcadores de estresse oxidativo, foram analisados o conteúdo de Carbonilas e Sulfidrilas, a atividade da Superóxido Dismutase (SOD) e os níveis de Glutationa (GSH). Resultados: Os pacientes com Deficiência de PAH (mediana (IQ) de Phe basal= 236,0 (140-407,10)µmol/L) apresentaram níveis elevados de 4/6 citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α) assim como níveis aumentados de GSH em relação aos controles. Os pacientes responsivos e não responsivos ao BH4 não diferiram no período basal, após sobrecarga isolada de L-Phe e após sobrecarga combinada de L-Phe+BH4 em relação aos parâmetros analisados. Também, não foi observada diferença entre os pacientes com Deficiência de PAH Clássica e Leve na coleta basal. Aproximadamente 30% dos pacientes apresentavam excelente controle metabólico. Os pacientes com Deficiência de PTPS não apresentavam HPA e não diferiram dos controles em relação aos níveis de citocinas. Apesar de moderadas, obtivemos correlações negativas significativas entre os níveis de algumas citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-1β, IL-8 e TNF-α) com os níveis de Phe. Conclusões: Os nossos dados sugerem que as citocinas são marcadores sensíveis do efeito biológico da HPA. A elevação dos níveis destas na Deficiência de PAH sugere um perfil inflamatório, mesmo entre pacientes considerados com bom controle metabólico e sem evidência de estresse oxidativo. Esta característica pode ser decorrente do aumento crônico dos níveis de Phe, talvez associado à deficiência relativa de BH4. Já os níveis de Phe encontrados nos pacientes com Deficiência de PTPS estavam dentro dos valores considerados normais para a população em geral, não sendo observada elevação dos níveis de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e, por consequência, inflamação. Em relação à correlação negativa encontrada, o presente estudo sugere que os níveis de Phe podem exercer algum efeito inibitório que resulte na diminuição da expressão de algumas citocinas. Assim, sugerimos que estudos adicionais sobre o efeito da administração crônica do BH4 em pacientes com Deficiência de PAH, tomando como desfecho os níveis de citocina, sejam realizados.Introduction: It is crucially important to understand the involvement of the immune system in the deficiencies of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) and pyruvoyl tetrahydropterin synthase (PTPS), genetic diseases that present with hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA) and whose patients may benefit from the administration of tetrahydropterin (BH4), since inflammatory status may influence the synthesis and oxidation of the cofactor BH4. Both deficiencies are considered inborn errors of metabolism that cause mental deficits when diagnosis and treatment are not established early. Although being rare, PAH deficiency is extremely relevant for the Brazilian Unified Health System because it belongs to the group of diseases included in the National Neonatal Screening Program. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between BH4, phenylalanine (Phe), cytokines, and markers of oxidative stress in a sample of Brazilian patients with PAH deficiency undergoing a test of responsiveness to BH4 and of patients with PTPS deficiency. Methods: Controlled cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling strategy. We analyzed plasma samples of 17 patients with PAH deficiency collected before and 27 hours after the administration of L-Phe (100mg/kg) and 27 hours after the combined administration of L-Phe+BH4 (100mg/kg of L-Phe and 20mg/kg of BH4) to measure the levels of Phe, cytokines, and markers of oxidative stress. In patients with PTPS deficiency (n=2), samples were collected before and 4 hours after the administration of BH4 for the analysis of the same parameters. All samples were paired with healthy individuals according to sex and age. Cytokine levels were determined using the Human Cytokine Magnetic 10- Plex Panel kit (InvitrogenTM) for the Luminex® platform, which provides the doses of proinflammatory (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-8, IL6, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF]- α, interferon γ [IFN-γ], and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GMCSF]) and anti-inflammatory (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 e IL-10) cytokines. Additionally, the following markers of oxidative stress were analyzed: content of carbonyls and sulfhydryls, activity of superoxide dismutase, and levels of glutathione (GSH). Results: Patients with PAH deficiency (median [interquartile range] for baseline Phe levels=236.0 [140-407.10] µmol/L) showed increased levels for 4/6 proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α), as well as increased GSH levels compared to controls. Patients who were responsive and unresponsive to BH4 did not differ at baseline, after isolated L-Phe overload, and after combined overload of L-Phe+BH4 in terms of the parameters analyzed in this study. Similarly, no difference was observed between patients with classical and mild PAH deficiency at baseline. Nearly 30% of patients had excellent metabolic control. Patients with PTPS deficiency did not present with HPA and did not differ from controls in terms of cytokine levels. Although moderate, significant negative correlations were found between the levels of some proinflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL-8, and TNF-α) and Phe levels. Conclusions: Our data suggest that cytokines are extremely sensitive biomarkers of the biological effect of HPA. The increase in cytokine levels in PAH deficiency suggests an inflammatory profile even among patients considered as having good metabolic control and showing no evidence of oxidative stress. This characteristic may result from the chronic increase in Phe levels, which may be associated with relative BH4 deficiency. On the other hand, Phe levels found in patients with PTPS deficiency were within values considered normal for the general population; additionally, no increase in proinflammatory cytokine levels was observed, and therefore no inflammation was observed as well. With regard to the negative correlation found, the present study suggests that PhE levels may exert some inhibitory effect that results in the decreased expression of some cytokines. Therefore, we suggest that additional studies on the effect of the chronic administration of BH4 in patients with PAH deficiency should be conducted, considering cytokine levels as outcomes
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