2-[(E)-2-(4-Methyl­benzene­sulfonamido)ethyl­iminiometh­yl]-4-nitro­phenolate

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C16H17N3O5S, crystallizes in a zwitterionic form, with a strong intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 7.06 (9)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains along the c axis by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Effect of Prewetted Pumice Aggregate Addition on Concrete Properties under Different Curing Conditions

This study researches the effects of different curing conditions on the properties of high strength concrete containing presoaked pumice aggregate (PA). Fine normal weight aggregate is substituted by an equal volume of 1h and 24h presoaked PA at 50% and 100% fractions and a total of five concrete mixtures were prepared. After kept in water, air and hot weather, the performance of concretes were evaluated by determining their physical and mechanical properties at 28 days. Hot weather was found to be the most detrimental condition where the highest strength drops were observed. Frost resistance of concretes was improved with the use of presoaked PA at 50% replacement ratio. The use of presoaked PA also decreased the shrinkage values of concrete specimens. The results showed that the use of presoaked PA in high strength concrete at 50% replacement ratio could contribute to concrete properties when exposed to inadequate curing conditions

(E)-2-[(4-Chloro­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]-4-(trifluoro­meth­oxy)phenol

The title compound, C14H9ClF3NO2, crystallizes in a phenol–imine tautomeric form, with a strong intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 47.62 (9)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked into chains along the c axis by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and weak C—H⋯π inter­actions involving both benzene rings are also observed

(E)-4-{2-[(4-Chloro­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]phen­oxy}phthalonitrile

In the title compound, C21H12ClN3O, the phenoxy ring makes dihedral angles of 51.42 (5) and 65.01 (6)°, respectively, with the chlorophenyl and phthalonitrile rings. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are inter­linked through weak C—H⋯N and C—H⋯π contacts, and π–π stacking inter­actions via crystallographic inversion centres form a three-dimensional network. The distance between the centroids of the phthalonitrile rings is 3.9104 (11)Å, with a slippage between the rings of 1.626 Å and a perpendicular distance between the rings of 3.556 Å

Undifferentiated headache: broadening the approach to headache in children and adolescents, with supporting evidence from a nationwide school-based cross-sectional survey in Turkey

Background: Headache is a leading disabler in adults worldwide. In children and adolescents, the same may be true but the evidence is much poorer. It is notable that published epidemiological studies of these age groups have largely ignored headaches not fulfilling any specific set of ICHD criteria, although such headaches appear to be common. A new approach to these is needed: here we introduce, and investigate, a diagnostic category termed undifferentiated headache (UdH), defined in young people as recurrent mild-intensity headache of <1 h's duration. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey in 31 schools in six regions of Turkey selected by mixed convenience-based and purposive modified cluster-sampling. A validated, standardised self-completed structured questionnaire was administered by a physician-investigator to entire classes of pupils aged 6-17 years. Results: Of the identified sample of 7889 pupils, 7088 (89.8%) participated. The 1-year prevalence of UdH was 29.2%, of migraine (definite and probable) 26.7%, and of tension-type headache (TTH) (definite and probable) 12.9%. UdH differed with respect to almost all headache features and associated symptoms from both migraine and TTH. Burden of headache and use of acute medication were lower in UdH than in migraine and TTH. Headache yesterday was less common in UdH than migraine (OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.28-0.37) and TTH (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.56-0.77). Quality of life (QoL) was better in UdH (33.6 +/- 5.2) than in migraine (30.3 +/- 5.6; p < 0.001) and TTH (32.4 +/- 5.3; p < 0.001), but worse than in pupils without headache (35.7 +/- 4.7; p < 0.001). Conclusions: This large nationwide study in Turkey of pupils aged 6-17 years has shown that many children and adolescents have a headache type that does not conform to existing accepted diagnostic criteria. This new diagnostic category of presumably still-evolving headache (undifferentiated headache) is common. UdH differs in almost all measurable respects from both migraine and TTH. Although characterised by mild headaches lasting < 1 h, UdH is associated with significant adverse impact on QoL. Longitudinal cohort studies are needed to evaluate the prognosis of UdH but, meanwhile, recognition of UdH and its distinction from migraine and TTH has implications for epidemiological studies, public-health policy and routine clinical practice

Contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emissions in migraine patients without vestibular involvement

Özet: Vestibüler flikayeti olmayan migren hastalar›nda kontralateral otoakustik emisyon süpresyonu Amaç: Bu çal›flman›n amac› duyusal modülasyon bozuklu¤una yol açan migren hastal›¤› olan kiflilerde iflitme sistemi refleksi ölçümünde kullan›lan bir test olan kontralateral otoakustik süpresyon testinin sonuçlar›n›n de¤erlendirilmesidir. Yöntem: Çal›flmaya nöroloji poliklini¤ine baflvuran, Uluslararas› Bafla¤r›s› Derne¤i&apos;nin 2004 y›l› kriterlerine göre migren tan›s› alan ve vestibüler flikayeti olmayan gönüllü migren hastalar› ve sa¤l›kl› gönül-lüler dahil edildi. Bütün gönüllülere tam otolojik muayene, saf ses odyometri testi yap›ld›. Bilateral otoakustik emisyon yan›t› al›nan 30 gö-nüllü migren hastas› ve karfl›laflt›rma için yafl ve cinsiyet özellikleri gö-nüllü hasta grubuna benzeyen 30 sa¤l›kl› gönüllü çal›flmaya dahil edildi. Çal›flmaya dahil edilen gönüllülere kontralateral 50 dB SPL genifl bant gürültü ile maske yap›larak 65 dB click uyaran ile maskeli ve maskesiz otoakustik emisyon ölçümleri yap›ld›. Her iki gruptan elde edilen veriler karfl›laflt›r›ld›. Bulgular: Sa¤l›kl› gönüllülerin de¤erlendirilen 60 kula¤›n›n 40&apos;›nda (%67) süpresyon testi pozitif olarak tespit edilirken migren hastalar›n›n de¤erlendirilen 60 kula¤›ndan 30&apos;unda (%50) süpresyon testi pozitif olarak tespit edildi. Fakat süpresyon pozitifli¤i oranlar›nda ve süpres-yon emisyon de¤erlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlaml› bir fark izlenmedi. ‹ki grup aras›nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml› bir fark olmasa da migrenli grupta kontralateral supresyon cevaplar›nda azalma izlendi. Sonuç: Vestibüler flikayeti olmayan migren hastalar›nda normal kiflilerle karfl›laflt›r›ld›¤›nda istatistiksel olarak anlaml› olmasa da kontralateral süpresyon cevaplar›nda bir azalma izlenmektedir. Daha büyük seri içeren yeni çal›flmalar ile kontralateral otoakustik emisyon testi vestibüler flikayeti olmayan migren hastalar›nda odyovestibüler flikayetlerin erken tan›s›nda kullanabilece¤i kanaatindeyiz. Anahtar sözcükler: Kontralateral süpresyon testi, MOC refleksi, non-vestibüler migren, otoakustik emisyon. Abstract Objective: Our aim was to investigate contralateral suppression of otoacoustic emission for the evaluation of auditory reflex in patients with migraine which is a disease that may cause dysfunction of sensorial modulation. Methods: Voluntary migraine patients without vestibular symptoms who consulted to Neurology Clinic, and diagnosed according to the IHS 2004 criteria, and healthy volunteers were included in the study. All volunteers underwent complete otorhinolaryngologic and puretone audiometric examinations. Thirty voluntary migraine patients with bilateral otoacoustic emission measurements, and 30 healthy volunteers matched in terms of age and sex were included in the study. Otoacoustic emission measurements were obtained with 65 dB SPL click stimulus with and without mask by masking with contralateral 50 dB SPL broad band noise. Responses were compared between two groups. Results: Positive result was obtained in suppression tests in 40 of 60 (67%) ears of healthy volunteers and in 30 of 60 (50%) ears of migraine patients. However, there was no statistically significant difference between groups regarding positive suppression frequency and suppression values. Even though a statistically significant difference between migraine patients without vestibular involvement and control group was not seen, there was a decrease in contralateral suppression responses in the migraine group. Conclusion: Although it is statistically insignificant, we have demonstrated that migraine patients without vestibular symptoms showed a decrease in the suppression values compared to the healthy volunteers. We believe that in new studies with larger series, contralateral otoacoustic emission suppression test can be used as an early tool to diagnose audiovestibular symptoms in migraine patients without any vestibular involvement

The Role of Transformative Leadership in the Realization of a Successful Organizational Change

Çalışmada, örgütsel değişimin gerçekleştirilmesinde dönüştürücü liderliğin rolü incelenmiştir. Öncelikle örgütsel değişim ele alınarak örgütsel değişimin kavramsal değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra liderlik ve dönüştürücü liderliğin kavramsal değerlendirilmesi yapılarak, değişen örgütlerde değişimin gerçekleştirilmesinde, sürdürülmesinde ve kalıcı kılınmasında dönüştürücü liderin rolü ele alınmış ve sonunda da dönüştürücü liderliğin rolüne ilişkin bir kamu üniversitesindeki orta ve alt kademe yöneticilere anket uygulanarak bunun doğrulanmasına çalışılmıştır. Anket sonucunda dönüştürücü liderlerin karizma, telkin yeteneği, zihinsel teşvik ve bireysel düzeyde ilgi özelliklerinin örgütsel değişimin gerçekleştirilmesinde ve dönüştürücü liderlerin örgütsel değişimin başlatılmasında, sürdürülmesinde ve dondurulmasında pozitif etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür.This dissertation aims at analyzing the role of transformative leadership in organizational change. In that context, firstly, conceptual evaluation of organizational change is carriedout. Following the conceptual evaluation of leadership and transformative leadership, the role of transformative leadership in realizing and sustaining change is chown in transitional organizations. The study includes a survey on middle and lower administrative ranks of a public university to find out data regarding the role of transformative leadership. Drawing on the data from the survey, statistically significant positive relationship is found out between the attributes of transformative leaders and organizational change

The Role of Transformative Leadership in the Realization of a Successful Organizational Change

Çalışmada, örgütsel değişimin gerçekleştirilmesinde dönüştürücü liderliğin rolü incelenmiştir. Öncelikle örgütsel değişim ele alınarak örgütsel değişimin kavramsal değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Daha sonra liderlik ve dönüştürücü liderliğin kavramsal değerlendirilmesi yapılarak, değişen örgütlerde değişimin gerçekleştirilmesinde, sürdürülmesinde ve kalıcı kılınmasında dönüştürücü liderin rolü ele alınmış ve sonunda da dönüştürücü liderliğin rolüne ilişkin bir kamu üniversitesindeki orta ve alt kademe yöneticilere anket uygulanarak bunun doğrulanmasına çalışılmıştır. Anket sonucunda dönüştürücü liderlerin karizma, telkin yeteneği, zihinsel teşvik ve bireysel düzeyde ilgi özelliklerinin örgütsel değişimin gerçekleştirilmesinde ve dönüştürücü liderlerin örgütsel değişimin başlatılmasında, sürdürülmesinde ve dondurulmasında pozitif etkisinin olduğu görülmüştür.This dissertation aims at analyzing the role of transformative leadership in organizational change. In that context, firstly, conceptual evaluation of organizational change is carriedout. Following the conceptual evaluation of leadership and transformative leadership, the role of transformative leadership in realizing and sustaining change is chown in transitional organizations. The study includes a survey on middle and lower administrative ranks of a public university to find out data regarding the role of transformative leadership. Drawing on the data from the survey, statistically significant positive relationship is found out between the attributes of transformative leaders and organizational change

The components of community awareness and preparedness its effects on the reduction of tsunami vulnerability and risk

The resilience of coastal communities against tsunamis are dependent on preparedness of the communities. Preparedness covers social and structural components which increases with the awareness in the community against tsunamis. Therefore, proper evaluation of all components of preparedness will help communities to reduce the adverse effects of tsunamis and increase the overall resilience of communities. On the other hand, the complexity of the metropolitan life with its social and structural components necessitates explicit vulnerability assessments for proper determination of tsunami risk, and development of proper mitigation strategies and recovery plans. Assessing the vulnerability and resilience level of a region against tsunamis and efforts for reducing the tsunami risk are the key components of disaster management. Since increasing the awareness of coastal communities against tsunamis is one of the main objectives of disaster management, then it should be considered as one of the parameter in tsunami risk analysis. In the method named MetHuVA (METU - Metropolitan Human Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment) proposed by Cankaya et al., (2016) and Tufekci et al., (2016), the awareness and preparedness level of the community is revealed to be an indispensable parameter with a great effect on tsunami risk. According to the results obtained from those studies, it becomes important that the awareness and preparedness parameter (n) must be analyzed by considering their interaction and all related components. While increasing awareness can be achieved, vulnerability and risk will be reduced. In this study the components of awareness and preparedness parameter (n) is analyzed in different categories by considering administrative, social, educational, economic and structural preparedness of the coastal communities. Hence the proposed awareness and preparedness parameter can properly be analyzed and further improvements can be achieved in vulnerability and risk analysis. Furthermore, the components of the awareness and preparedness parameter n, is widely investigated in global and local practices by using the method of categorization to determine different levels for different coastal metropolitan areas with different cultures and with different hazard perception. Moreover, consistency between the theoretical maximum and practical applications of parameter n is estimated, discussed and presented. In the applications mainly the Bakirkoy district of Istanbul is analyzed and the results are presented. Acknowledgements: Partial support by 603839 ASTARTE Project of EU, UDAPC-12-14 project of AFAD, Turkey, 213M534 projects of TUBITAK, Japan–Turkey Joint Research Project by JICA on earthquakes and tsunamis in Marmara Region in (JICA SATREPS - MarDiM Project), and Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality are acknowledged