Pea proteins immunotherapy in peanut allergic mice model

Mice (Balb/c), with peanut allergy induced, were subjected to desensitization therapy with the use of pea protein extract (PE) or isolated globulin fractions: legumin (PL) and vicilin (PV). B- and T-cell responses to peanut proteins were analysed by determination of the IgE, IgG1, and IgG2a antibody levels in plasma and the concentration of IL-4, IFN-gamma and IL-10 cytokines secreted by isolated splenocytes.Conducted studies have demonstrated that immunotherapy with proteins resulted in the decrease of total IgE and peanut-specific IgG1 levels and significantly enhanced synthesis of peanut-specific IgG2a in plasma (ELISA method) and at the cellular level (ELISPOT type B). A successful and effective immunotherapy is related to the shift in profile of lymphocytes from Th2 subpopulation towards Th1 subpopulation. In our studies significant increase in the activity of Th1 lymphocytes was observed in groups desensitized with pea protein extracts (PE) and pea legumin fraction (PL). In these groups, significant statistic decrease in IL-4 secreted and increase in IL-10 level were found.Desensitization method with the use of pea proteins being suggested in the presented studies can be an alternative method for specific immunotherapy for people, especially with strong allergic reaction to peanuts; however, this method needs further studies with mouse model

Influence of heterogeneous air entry pressure on large scale unsaturated flow in porous media

The paper presents numerical simulations of water infiltration in unsaturated porous media containing coarse-textured inclusions embedded in fine-textured background material. The calculations are performed using the two-phase model for water and air flow and a simplified model known as the Richards equation. It is shown that the Richards equation cannot correctly describe flow in the presence of heterogeneities. However, its performance can be improved by introducing appropriately defined effective capillary and permeability functions, representing largescale behaviour of the heterogeneous medium

Psychosomatics in ophthalmology - review of the literature

Objective:This study aimed to demonstrate the potential influence of psychiatric disorders on the development andcourse of ophthalmic diseases.Methods:A literature search was performed in the PubMed medical publication database using the followingkeywords: ophthalmology; glaucoma; psychiatrists; psychology; acute anterior uveitis; psychosomatics;health.Results:Stress and psychiatric disorders are underestimated risk factors in the course of ophthalmic diseases.Understanding the relationship between them is crucial to ensuring proper patient care. This is becausevision loss has serious consequences for the patient, ranging from difficulties in everyday life todisability, loss of livelihood and dependence on others. The stress reaction is associated with long-termpersistence of high cortisol levels, stimulation of the autonomic system and, consequently, vasculardysregulation and neuropathy. The result is a progression of visual disturbances, which causes furtherstress and anxiety.Conclusions:Effective psychiatric intervention, the correct physician approach, or relaxation techniques can speed uprecovery or reduce the risk of recurrence

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome – clinical symptoms, etiology, pathophysiology and medical treatment - a review of the literature

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a rare disease of the skin and mucous membrane. It develops as a result of a sudden skin reaction, which is most often triggered by the use of certain drugs. It is characterized by acute epidermal necrosis. The syndrome can lead to many complications and death. Currently, there are no guidelines and management schematics for this disease. Treatment has changed over the years due to the discovery of the possible pathomechanism of SJS. Nevertheless, because of the rarity of the disease, there is a lack of adequate prospective randomized studies that could provide valuable information on treatment.    Objective: The purpose of this study was to present Stevens-Johnson syndrome, including clinical features, etiology, pathomechanism, complications and treatment.   Methods: A literature search was performed in the PubMed medical publication database using the following keywords: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, acute drug-induced skin reaction, cutaneous adverse drug reactions.   Results: Stevens-Johnson syndrome is an example of an acute cutaneous reaction to certain medicinal substances. The pathomechanism is not fully understood. There is an association of genetics with the risk of developing symptoms of the syndrome in selected populations. Treatment formerly was based on glucocorticosteroids, but now IVIG (intravenous immune globulin) is used. Dehydration, pneumonia or sepsis may develop as a complication of the syndrome.     Conclusions: The discovery of a genetic predisposition to develop Stevens-Johnson syndrome offers the possibility of future effective disease prevention. It is necessary to create medical procedure schemes for the diagnosis and treatment of this disorder. The discovery of the possible pathomechanism has allowed the use of IVIG in the treatment of the syndrome. Effective and prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent life-threatening complications and death from SJS

Effects of dupilumab on hair in patients with atopic dermatitis - a review of the literature

Dupilumab is a recombinant human monoclonal antibody of the IgG4 class. Its mechanism of action can most broadly be described as inhibition of interleukin 4 and 13-mediated signal transduction. These cytokines are the main drivers of inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Currently, dupilumab is the subject of many studies and scientific articles. More and more papers are being written about the efficacy of this drug and the side effects. Based on publications from the PubMed database, we present selected cases of atopic dermatitis patients who experienced uncharacteristic and unclear hair-related changes, such as hair loss, growth and change in hair colour, after dupilumab administration

Depression and suicide risk in dermatological diseases - a review of the literature

Introduction Depression can be an independent disease entity, but can also result from other somatic diseases. Psychodermatology is a scientific field that deals with the interactions between dermatology and psychiatry and psychology. It is estimated that psychiatric disorders may co-occur in up to 30-60% of people with dermatological conditions. Mood disorders of the depressive type are most common among this group of patients [1]. It is important that skin specialists pay attention to the mental state of their patients in their daily practice.  Objective In our work, we would like to draw attention to the interplay between psychiatric and dermatological diseases.  Methods A literature search was performed in the PubMed medical publication database using the following keywords: depression; dermatology; skin; somatic; psychiatry; psoriasis; atopic dermatitis; acnes vulgaris; suicidal risk. Results There is a proven risk of depression in patients with psoriasis, acne and atopic dermatitis. These diseases also increase the risk of suicidal thoughts. Conclusions Awareness among professionals and patients of the co-occurrence of these disorders is insufficient, which in some cases can lead to serious consequences for the patient and affect the effectiveness of treatment of both dermatological and psychiatric disorders

Experimental and numerical analysis of air trapping in a porous medium with coarse textured inclusions

The paper presents a 2D upward infiltration experiment performed on a model porous medium consisting of fine sand background with two inclusions made of coarser sands. The purpose of the experiment was to investigate the effects of structural air trapping, which occurs during infiltration as a result of heterogeneous material structure. The experiment shows that a significant amount of air becomes trapped in each of the inclusions. Numerical simulations were carried out using the two-phase water-air flow model and the Richards equation. The experimental results can be reproduced with good accuracy only using a two-phase flow model, which accounts for both structural and pore-scale trapping. On the other hand, the Richards equation was not able to represent the structural trapping caused by material heterogeneity

Ueber den Schwefel- und Phosphorgehalt der Leberzellen des Rindes in den verschiedenen Lebensaltern : Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doctors der Medicin verfasst und mit Bewilligung Einer Hochverordneten Medicinischen Facultät der Kaiserlichen Universität zu Dorpat zur öffentlichen Vertheidigung bestimmt

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