Our own, non-invasive method of measuring the cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) in children aged 7–9 during physical exercise

Introduction: Cardiac output (CO) determines the cardiovascular system’s function and undergoes fluctuations in various physiological and pathological states. All of the currently available CO monitoring methods have their limitations, which is the reason we keep looking for new, possibly simple, cost-effective and safe, but still reliable methods. Materials and methods: Based on both our own and global empiric data and laws of thermodynamics and fluid dynamics, we developed a new, non-invasive and safe method of measuring cardiac output and the stroke volume (SV). The aforementioned method allows us to measure both CO and SV in children undergoing various relative workload exercise. Results: CO and SV values obtained by the author’s method do not differ significantly from the values obtained by other researchers using different methods. Conclusions: The developed method is non-invasive, simple, cost-effective, reliable and poses no risk for the examined person’s life or health. It can be a viable alternative to the currently used methods

An alternative method of measuring the human maximal oxygen uptake (vO2Max)

Introduction: One of the main tasks of the physiology of human exercise is the evaluation of physical efficiency. The maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) is the best indicator of physical fitness. It allows to widely predict a healthy organism’s response to physical strain. It is also considered useful in clinical research for evaluating patients’ ability to exercise, as well as monitoring the effects of their treatment or rehabilitation. Every method of measuring the maximal oxygen uptake has its limits and that is why a new, possibly simple, safe and reliable method of measuring Vo2max is constantly sought for. Materials and methods: On the basis of our own and worldwide empirical data, as well as the laws of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, a new, accurate and safe method of measuring maximal oxygen uptake was developed. The method allows to evaluate Vo2max under various submaximal exercise loads. Results: There is no statistically significant difference between the maximal oxygen uptake values measured using the author’s method and those acquired using other researchers’ methods. Conclusion: The author’s method of measuring maximal oxygen uptake (Vo2max) can be a valid alternative to the currently used methods

Wyznaczanie maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca mężczyzn podczas przejścia od młodości do wieku starszego

Podczas przejścia od młodości do wieku starszego maksymalne parametry fizjologiczne serca mężczyzn ulegają zmniejszeniu. Na podstawie światowych danych doświadczalnych, dotyczących badań przekrojowych i longitudinalnych zmian maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca mężczyzn w procesie starzenia się, stosując analizę matematyczną oraz modelowanie matematyczne i symulację komputerową, opracowano innowacyjne, kompleksowe i wiarygodne metody wyznaczania maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca mężczyzn: rzutu minutowego serca (COmax), częstości pracy serca (HRmax), objętości wyrzutowej serca (SVmax), różnicy tętniczo-żylnej wysycenia krwi tlenem (AVDmax) oraz pułapu tlenowego (Vo2max). Opracowane metody pozwalają każdy maksymalny parametr fizjologiczny serca dla dużej i przeciętnej wydolności mężczyzn przedstawić: graficznie (za pomocą wykresu), analitycznie (za pomocą równania matematycznego) oraz tabelarycznie. Takie opracowanie maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca mężczyzn pozwala dla dowolnego wieku i rozpatrywanej wydolności fizycznej wyznaczyć w przekroju poprzecznym wszystkie maksymalne parametry serca: COmax, HRmax, SVmax, AVDmax oraz Vo2max.During the transition from youth to old age the maximum physiological parameters of men’s hearts are reduced. Based on the global experimental data refereeing to the cross- -sectional studies and longitudinal changes in maximum physiological parameters of the heart in the aging process, using mathematical analysis and mathematical modeling and computer simulation, the authors have developed an innovative, comprehensive and reliable method for determining the maximum of physiological parameters of heart: cardiac output (COmax), heart rate (maximum heart rate), stroke volume (SVmax), difference arterio- venous oxygen saturation (AVDmax) and oxygen uptake (Vo2max). The developed methods allow presentation of every maximum physiological parameter of the heart for the large and average endurance of men: a graphical presentation (with the use of a graph), an analytical presentation (using a mathematical equation) and in the tabular form. Such development of the maximum of physiological parameters allows determination of all the maximum heart parameters of men at any age and of any physical condition in a cross- section of all the parameters of maximum heart: COmax, maximum heart rate, SVmax, AVDmax and Vo2max

Wyznaczanie maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca kobiet podczas przejścia od młodości do wieku starszego

Podczas przejścia od młodości do wieku starszego maksymalne parametry fizjologiczne serca kobiet ulegają zmniejszeniu. Na podstawie światowych danych doświadczalnych, dotyczących badań przekrojowych i longitudinalnych zmian maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca kobiet w procesie starzenia się, stosując analizę matematyczną oraz modelowanie matematyczne i symulację komputerową, opracowano innowacyjne, kompleksowe i wiarygodne metody wyznaczania maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca kobiet: rzutu minutowego serca (COmax), częstości pracy serca (HRmax), objętości wyrzutowej serca (SVmax), różnicy tętniczo-żylnej wysycenia krwi tlenem (AVDmax) oraz pułapu tlenowego (Vo2max). Opracowane metody pozwalają każdy maksymalny parametr fizjologiczny serca dla dużej i przeciętnej wydolności kobiet przedstawić: graficznie (za pomocą wykresu), analitycznie (za pomocą równania matematycznego) oraz tabelarycznie. Takie opracowanie maksymalnych parametrów fizjologicznych serca kobiet pozwala dla dowolnego wieku i rozpatrywanej wydolności fizycznej wyznaczyć w przekroju poprzecznym wszystkie maksymalne parametry serca: COmax, HRmax, SVmax, AVDmax oraz Vo2max.1During the transition from youth to old age the maximum physiological parameters of women’s hearts are reduced. Based on the global experimental data refereeing to the cross-sectional studies and longitudinal changes in maximum physiological parameters of the heart in the aging process, using mathematical analysis and mathematical modeling and computer simulation, the authors have developed an innovative, comprehensive and reliable method for determining the maximum of physiological parameters of heart: cardiac output (COmax) heart rate (maximum heart rate), stroke volume (SVmax), difference arterio-venous oxygen saturation (AVDmax) and oxygen uptake (Vo2max). The developed methods allow presentation of every maximum physiological parameter of the heart for the large and average endurance of women: a graphical presentation (with the use of a graph), an analytical presentation (using a mathematical equation) and in the tabular form. Such development of the maximum of physiological parameters allows determination of all the maximum heart parameters of women at any age and of any physical condition in a cross-section of all the parameters of maximum heart: COmax, maximum heart rate, SVmax, AVDmax and Vo2max

Pani Profesor Teresa Borowska : człowiek z ogromnym hartem ducha i niezłomnym charakterem

Wspomnienie o Pani Profesor Teresie Borowskiej

FSHR Trans-Activation and Oligomerization

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a key role in human reproduction through, among others, induction of spermatogenesis in men and production of estrogen in women. The function FSH is performed upon binding to its cognate receptor—follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expressed on the surface of target cells (granulosa and Sertoli cells). FSHR belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), a family of receptors distinguished by the presence of various signaling pathway activation as well as formation of cross-talking aggregates. Until recently, it was claimed that the FSHR occurred naturally as a monomer, however, the crystal structure as well as experimental evidence have shown that FSHR both self-associates and forms heterodimers with the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor—LHCGR. The tremendous gain of knowledge is also visible on the subject of receptor activation. It was once thought that activation occurs only as a result of ligand binding to a particular receptor, however there is mounting evidence of trans-activation as well as biased signaling between GPCRs. Herein, we describe the mechanisms of aforementioned phenomena as well as briefly describe important experiments that contributed to their better understanding

Construction of bionanoparticles with the use of a recombinant DNA vector-enzymatic system, containing artificial poliepitopic proteins, for the delivery of new generation vaccines

DNA/RNA amplification technologies, such as the Polymerase Chain Reaction have revolutionized modern biology, medical diagnostics and forensic analyses, among others. A number of alternative nucleic acids amplification methods have been developed, tailored to specific applications. Here we present a refined version of a DNA fragment amplification technology, which enables the construction of ordered concatemers in a head-to-tail-orientation. A very high number of DNA segments, at least 500 copies, can be consecutively linked. Other key features include: (i) the application of a dedicated vector-enzymatic system, including selected subtype IIS restriction endonucleases, which has been designed to automatically generate long Open Reading Frames and (ii) an amplification-expression vector with a built-in strong transcription promoter along with optimal translation initiation signals, which allow for a high level of expression of the constructed artificial poliepitopic protein. This highly advanced technology makes it possible to obtain ordered polymers of monomeric, synthetic or natural, DNA far beyond the capabilities of current chemical synthesis methods. The constructed poliepitopic proteins are further used for construction of several types of nanoparticles, including inclusion bodies and bacteriophages, containing multiple genetic fusion with poliepitopic proteins.The technology offers significant advances in a number of scientific, industrial and medical applications, including new vaccines and tissue pro-regenerative methods. The technology is protected by an international patent application and is available for licensing. Acknowledgments: project was supported by National Center for Research and Development, Warsaw, Poland, grant no STRATEGMED1/235077/9/NCBR/2014 and POIG.01.04.00-22-140/12; Jagiellonian Center for Innovation, Krakow, Poland; SATUS VC, Warsaw, Poland and BioVentures Institute Ltd, Poznan, Poland

Atypical microbial infections of digestive tract may contribute to diarrhea in mucopolysaccharidosis patients: a MPS I case study

BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidoses are heritable, metabolic diseases caused by deficiency in an activity of one of specific lysosomal enzymes involved in degradation of mucoplysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans). Among many medical problems of patients with mucopolysaccharidoses, there are frequent episodes of diarrhea of unknown etiology. CASE PRESENTATION: A girl, diagnosed enzymatically for mucopolysaccharidosis type I (deficiency of α-L-iduronidase) at the age of 3 years and 9 months, was investigated until the age of 5 years and 4 months. Frequent loose stools and episodes of diarrhea, often accompanied by vomiting, were encountered. Detailed microbiological analyses were performed and atypical microbial infections (most often enetropathogenic Escherichia coli, but also other species, like Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus, as well as adenoviruses) of the digestive tract were found in most severe diarrhea episodes. Often, isolations of pathogenic bacterial strains from stools of the investigated patient suffering from diarrhea were not obvious during the first screening, and only detailed microbiological studies, including re-isolation of colonies, gave the results of isolation of particular pathogenic strains (especially in the case of enetropathogenic E. coli). CONCLUSION: We conclude that atypical microbial infections of digestive tract may contribute significantly to diarrhea in mucopolysaccaridosis patients. Since isolated strains were not typical and their isolation was often possible only after detailed investigation (not during a standard screening), such atypical microbial infections of digestive tract of mucopolysaccharidosis patients could be usually overlooked to date. Importantly, these atypical infections could be effectively treated with antimicrobial agents

Social Rehabilitation in Penal Institutions - The Analysis of Innovative Solutions

Niniejsza praca porusza problematykę innowacyjnych metod w ramach oddziaływań na terenie zakładu karnego i uzasadnienie ich zastosowania. Jako problem badawczy rozpatrywana została kwestia: jakie są przykłady innowacyjnych rozwiązań stosowanych w procesie resocjalizacji na terenie zakładu karnego? Za przyjętą metodę badawczą uznano metodę zbierania danych zastanych i związanej z nią procedurę wyszukiwania źródeł wtórnych. W wyniku przeglądu źródeł zastanych można wywnioskować, iż metody te są stosowane i przynoszą w większości efektywne działania w zakresie innowacji resocjalizacyjnych. Na podstawie dokonanej analizy, za innowacyjne metody w resocjalizacji można uznać pracę (między innymi charytatywną) , działania z zakresu arteterapii (w tym muzykoterapię) oraz sport.This publication deals with the issue of innovative methods in prison interactions and their justification. As a research problem, the question of what are the examples of innovative solutions used in the rehabilitation process on the prison premises were considered. The method of collecting the existing data and the related procedure of searching for secondary sources were considered to be the adopted research method. As a result of the review of existing sources, it may be concluded that these methods are applied and bring about most of the effective actions in the field of social rehabilitation innovations. Based on the analysis, the work (including charitable work), art therapy activities (including music therapy) and sport may be considered as innovative methods in resocialization