Benefits of Therapy Dogs Among College-Aged Communication Sciences and Disorders Students

There are many current strategies and techniques proven to help college age students reduce their stress. However, there is limited research about the use of therapy dogs to help reduce stress among this population. This literature review investigates the relationship between therapy dogs and the power to reduce stress among college students, especially those majoring in Communication Sciences and Disorders (CSD). The analysis shows a strong correlation between utilizing a therapy dog and the reduction of stress for college students. Further research and implementation should be done to determine the effectiveness of therapy dog interactions with college student and the impact on perceived stress levels

Dramma per musica początku XX wieku – muzyczność powieści Mistrz i Małgorzata Michaiła Bułhakowa w nawiązaniu do filozofii nowej muzyki Theodora Adorno

The aim of the article is to present how musical themes create the artistic space in the novel Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov. The question „music in literature” became a significant part of discussion in modern literary and tendencies like intertextuality and intersemiotics. With the support of above-mentioned theories and with reference to postulates proposed by representative of New Hermeneutics in music, Theodor Adorno (1903–1969), I aim at proving that music theme not only „beautifies” artistic space (what concerns especially motives of folk and national songs and dances), or co-creates and supplements the plot, but can also imply deep philosophical and historiosophical meaning. According to Adorno, art never can be independent of historical and social changes. Consequently, a quality of an art reflects a moral condition of society. In the novel Master and Margarita especially music themes vividly allude to reality which is devoid of freedom (as if reality in which Bulgakov indeed lived) and also to humankind losing morality at a critical historic moment. „Grotesque” steps, improvisation and deconstruction of time in „forbidden music” (in Soviet times the term included particularly jazz and fokstrot) are the elements of musical composition which enrich novel’s semantics. On the one hand, they correspond with perversion and chaos of new times. On the other hand, they reveal a human desire for freedom.Apart from historical aspects, the music themes in the text appear together with the names of composers (the most significant among characters-composers are Berlioz and doctor Stravinsky), titles of works or their theme. Music is suggested by structural elements: polyphony, variation, depersonalization, dodecaphony, also by philosophical laugh, crying, gesture and shock. Due to dynamics and expressionism, an atmosphere of the end of old world is created and the lunacy of upcoming one is shown. Meanwhile, a famous new music’s chaos is closed by the revaluation and orderliness. In accordance with the main novel’s truth – „everything will be like it should be, that is how a world is constructed” – sacrum and profanum would finally find its’ place. Suggestive reflection of that truth can be found in metaphor of symphony proposed in the article.Since the late 1980’s literary critics have noticed a renaissance of sentimental trends in Russian literature. The so-called „new sentimentality” or „new sincerity” seems to be one of the most essential phenomena in contemporary literature in Russia and at the same time one of the less investigated, as the concept of sentimentality itself is not well-defined. In this paper I attempt to present actual possibilities of conceptualizing the sentimentality beyond the framework of historical sentimentalism and develop my own idea, based on the theory of aesthetic modes: idyllic, elegiac and comic ones

L'Approche Orientee Objets ou l'EuroWordNet s'adapte mieux a la traduction automatique?. Partie 1, Origines, principes, organisation des donnees

Lexical databases such as AOO or EWN are built in order to enable machine translation of written word. The author’s intention is to test the applicability of the above listed databases in machine translation and to choose the one that proves to be more successful. The presentation of final results consists of two parts. Part I is the analysis of factors influencing the process of machine translation with the use of AOO and EWN that is to say: steps in database design, their theoretical aspects and the categorization of lexical items. In author’s belief, the above mentioned elements exert profound influence on the result of machine translation produced with the use of one of the herein described lexical databases. The second part of the presentation touches on the matters of hierarchy, semantic inheritance and word-sense disambiguation

Ikoniczność a twórczość grupy OBERIU

The article looks for manifestations of iconicity in the avant-garde poetry represented by the group of OBERIU (Association of Real Art), and particularly in the works of one of its most charismatic member, Daniil Kharms. Based on two of his poems Van’ki-vstan’ki (I) and Van’ki-vstan’ki (II), the analysis emphasizes two kinds of iconicity as proposed by Winfried Nöth - imagic and phonetic. The point of reference for the analysis are features of the Russian toy to which the titles of these poems refer

The success of non-native bilingualism in Poland

Non-Native Bilingualism (NNB) is a condition where parents share the same native language living in the community where their native language is predominantly used and the child is always addressed by either parent or both in a language which is not their native language. The study of NNB was inspired by parents who had decided to practise NNB despite the critical warnings from some researchers. The question about NNB is not whether it exists, works or is worth trying or not, but why and how NNB families deal with nonnative language learning at home, as well as what factors may influence the child's upbringing in NNB. To understand the project and NNB, the holistic thinking style is presented with the emphasis on the numerous factors involved in the process of the Non-Native Child's upbringing. The role of the social factor and history of the society that influence the notion of success are discussed in the article

La description des noms dans l’EuroWordNet et l’approche orientée objets

La description des noms dans l’EuroWordNet et l’approche orientée objet

L'heritage semantique multiple dans l'approche orientee objets

The paper presents the role of multiple semantic inheritance that may be used in the Object Oriented Approach (OOA). The aim of the OOA, proposed by Wiesław Banyś at the University of Silesia, is to organise the language description in the form of a lexical data base easily implemented and used in automatic translation. Semantic inheritance is one of the most important features of the AOO and takes place when an object or an object class inherits operations and/or attributes from its super-object class while multiple inheritance is when an object or an object class can inherit semantic characteristics from more than one super-class. Some Object-Oriented Programming languages let the implantation of multiple inheritance, which, if the procedure is not abused and treated as emergency solution, makes the AOO description responding to every modification of human language and reflects every new language item in that lexical date base

L'Approche Orientee Objets ou l'EuroWordNet? : quelle approche pour la traduction automatique? Partie II : hierarchie, heritage et desambiguisation

The presentation of research results concerning applicability of AOO and EWN in machine translation is divided into two parts. In the first part, the author presents the influence of databases design, their theoretical aspects and the categorization of lexical items on the process and result of machine translation. The second part is devoted to the internal hierarchy of databases including the established categorization of lexical items as well as semantic inheritance comprising multiple inheritance and disambiguation accomplished by the above mentioned databases. The presented results coupled with the capability of contemporary computer technology give grounds for claiming that a bilingual approach in lexical description for machine translation is the best choice

The conflict between leisure time uses and traditional uses of water in Hells Canyon

Recreational activity is growing faster than facilities can be built to keep up with demand. This is evident during periods of peak use such as the summer for water based activities and the winter for snow related pursuits. During these periods of intense use, many recreationalists cannot find the facilities to use, or if they do, there are more users than the facility can accommodate without undue stress upon the environment and/or user satisfaction. More areas are needed to offset this intense use of and competition for facilities. Once there is a greater choice, many of the recreationalists will disperse, thus relieving some of the intense pressures of the now existing recreational sites. One of the prerequisites in site selection is a variety in uses. Planners are searching for areas that offer something different, be it a single purpose or a multiple purpose site. One area that is both unique and offers a different form of recreational pursuit is the Hells Canyon area of the Snake River. The location of the area is far removed from the population centers of the Pacific Northwest, but it is not too far away to attract recreationalists that can use the canyon for longer than one day. Accessibility to the canyon is difficult which will limit the great numbers of users that are typical at other recreational sites. However, the variety of things that can be done in the canyon offers the user a thrilling recreational experience that is hard to attain anywhere else. The purpose of this research paper is to determine if enough water is available for recreational use of Hells Canyon during the peak recreational season - the summer. Summer use will consist primarily of white water boating that needs water in sufficient quantity to make the float downriver enjoyable. One must realize that most areas have a potential for development but the site usually lacks a basic ingredient which in turn will limit full utilization of the resource. In the case of Hells Canyon, adequate water during the recreation season will be the determining factor in deciding its best uses

Impact of Carbonate Precipitation on Riverine Inorganic Carbon Mass Transport from a Mid-continent, Forested Watershed

Physiochemical controls on the carbonate geochemistry of large river systems are important regulators of carbon exchange between terrestrial and marine reservoirs on human time scales. Although many studies have focused on large-scale river carbon fluxes, there are few investigations of mechanistic aspects of carbonate mass balance and transport at the catchment scale. We determined elemental and carbonate geochemistry and mass balances for net carbonate dissolution fluxes from the forested, mid-latitude Huron River watershed, established on carbonate-rich unconfined glacial drift aquifers. Shallow groundwaters are near equilibrium with respect to calcite at p CO 2 values up to 25 times atmospheric values. Surface waters are largely groundwater fed and exhibit chemical evolution due to CO 2 degassing, carbonate precipitation in lakes and wetlands, and anthropogenic introduction of road salts (NaCl and CaCl 2 ). Because the source groundwater Mg 2+ /HCO 3 − ratio is fairly constant, this parameter permits mass balances to be made between carbonate dissolution and back precipitation after groundwater discharge. Typically, precipitation does not occur until IAP/K calcite values exceed 10 times supersaturation. Stream chemistry changes little thereafter even though streams remain highly supersaturated for calcite. Our data taken together with historical United States Geological Survey (USGS) data show that alkalinity losses to carbonate precipitation are most significant during periods of lowest discharge. Thus, on an annual basis, the large carbon flux from carbonate dissolution in soil zones is only decreased by a relatively small amount by the back precipitation of calcium carbonate.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41811/1/10498_2004_Article_5379448.pd