Rozwój i stan krajobrazu językowego – przypadek języka wilamowskiego

The development and current state of the linguistic landscape – the case of the Wymysorys languageWymysorys is a micro-language with Germanic roots spoken by the residents of Wilamowice, a small Silesian town located between Oświęcim and Bielsko-Biała, where it was brought by settlers from Western Europe in the thirteenth century. It has been the subject of scholarly interest among specialists in a number of fields, not only linguistics and ethnology, since the early twentieth century. Following a ban issued by local authorities in 1945, the use of Wymysorys was prohibited and public manifestations of local culture were severely punished. This policy resulted in a drastic decline of the number of its users. The recent interest of researchers is focused not only on the documentation of Wymysorys or its sociolinguistic situation in the past and today, but also on the effects of its revitalization in the last decade. Despite the lack of institutional support, the users’ community has been engaged in grass-roots initiatives leading to the emergence of Wymysorys in the cultural landscape. Recent activity of its users indicates that the language has already spread beyond the circles of local activists and, after years of persecution, functions again in society, evolving and taking new forms. Rozwój i stan krajobrazu językowego – przypadek języka wilamowskiegoJęzyk wilamowski, którym posługują się mieszkańcy Wilamowic (wym. Wymysoü), od początku XX wieku interesuje naukowców wielu dziedzin – nie tylko lingwistów i etnologów. Został on przywieziony przez osadników z Europy Zachodniej w XIII wieku na teren obecnych Wilamowic – małego miasteczka na Śląsku leżącego między Oświęcimiem a Bielskiem-Białą. Na skutek zakazu wydanego przez władze lokalne w 1945 roku używanie wilamowskiego było zabronione, a wszelkie publiczne przejawy odmiennej kultury ostro karane, w związku z czym liczba użytkowników wilamowskiego zaczęła drastycznie maleć. Zainteresowanie badaczy ostatnimi czasy wzbudza nie tylko kwestia dokumentacji tego mikrojęzyka o germańskich korzeniach czy stan etnolingwistyczny. Obserwacji podlegają również obecne efekty zaaplikowanych w ostatniej dekadzie procesów rewitalizacji językowej i zmiany lokalnej, a także państwowej polityki językowej. Mimo braku instytucjonalnego wsparcia, społeczeństwo użytkowników oddolnie podejmuje inicjatywy, których efektem jest między innymi pojawianie się wilamowskiego w krajobrazie kulturowym. Ostatnie działania użytkowników języka świadczą o tym, że opuścił już kręgi lokalnych aktywistów i ponownie, po latach zakazu, funkcjonuje samodzielnie w społeczeństwie, ewoluując i przybierając nowe formy

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

<i>Wymysiöejer łód</i> – the State of Research on the Painted Chests from Wilamowice

Wilamowice is a cultural phenomenon on the ethnographic map of Poland. Settled in the 13th century by settlers from Western Europe, it has maintained their separate identity for years. From the beginning of the scientific world’s interest in Wilamowice, the main objects of researchers were costumes, customs and language. Although the first attempts to document the painted Vilamovicean chests were made at the beginning of the 20th century as part of the Sprachinsel Fälschung project, this topic was overshadowed by a more “ideologically meaningful” local costumes or language. Apart from Roman Rainfuss, no one has published issues related to the subject of the Vilamovicean chests phenomenon – wymysiöeryś łóda – until modern times. The ongoing cultural revitalization, focused on the emic perspective, allowed us to look at this phenomenon in a broad, interdisciplinary scope. In addition to an attempt at formal characterization, determining the types and manufacturers, the state of research to date and the preserved specimens, it is possible to grasp a broader cultural context. What was the ancient meaning of painted chests? What were their functions? What beliefs were associated with this piece of furniture? What caused such a small number of surviving copies? How are they stored today? How do they currently function in the culture of Wilamowice? The content of the article attempts to answer these and other interdisciplinary questions, taking into account the narrative of this micro ethnic minority.Wilamowice stanowią swoisty fenomen kulturowy na etnograficznej mapie Polski. Zasiedlone w XIII wieku przez osadników z Europy Zachodniej, przez lata utrzymały swoją odrębność tożsamościową. Od początków zainteresowania Wilamowicami świata naukowego głównymi obiektami badaczy były stroje, zwyczaje oraz język. Mimo, że pierwsze próby dokumentacji malowanych skrzyń wilamowskich podejmowane były na początku XX wieku w ramach Sprachinsel Fälschung, temat ten został przyćmiony bardziej „nośnym ideologicznie” strojem czy językiem. Poza Romanem Rainfussem nikt do czasów współczesnych nie publikował zagadnień z problematyki stojącej za zjawiskiem skrzyń wilamowskich – wymysiöeryś łoda. Obecnie trwająca rewitalizacja kulturowa nakierowana na perspektywę emiczną, pozwoliła przyjrzeć się temu zjawisku w szerokim, interdyscyplinarnym zakresie. Poza próbą charakteryzacji formalnej, ustaleniem typów i wytwórców, stanem dotychczasowych badań oraz zachowanych egzemplarzy, możliwy do uchwycenia jest szerszy kontekst kulturowy. Jakie było dawne znaczenie malowanych skrzyń? Jakie pełniły funkcje? Jakie wierzenia związane były z tym meblem? Co wpłynęło na tak małą liczbę zachowanych egzemplarzy? Jak współcześnie są one przechowywane? Jak funkcjonują obecnie w kulturze wilamowskiej? Treść artykułu postara się odpowiedzieć na te i inne pytania z pogranicza interdyscyplinarnego, z uwzględnieniem narracji tej mikromniejszości etnicznej

Transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pppp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV

Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 7$~TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit-pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity \dnchdeta|_{|\eta| < 0.5} = 5.78\pm 0.01\stat\pm 0.23\syst for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from $\sqrt{s} = 0.9$ to 7~TeV is 66.1\%\pm 1.0\%\stat\pm 4.2\%\syst. The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545\pm 0.005\stat\pm 0.015\syst\GeVc. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies.Charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV are measured with the inner tracking system of the CMS detector at the LHC. The charged-hadron yield is obtained by counting the number of reconstructed hits, hit-pairs, and fully reconstructed charged-particle tracks. The combination of the three methods gives a charged-particle multiplicity per unit of pseudorapidity, dN(charged)/d(eta), for |eta| < 0.5, of 5.78 +/- 0.01 (stat) +/- 0.23 (syst) for non-single-diffractive events, higher than predicted by commonly used models. The relative increase in charged-particle multiplicity from sqrt(s) = 0.9 to 7 TeV is 66.1% +/- 1.0% (stat) +/- 4.2% (syst). The mean transverse momentum is measured to be 0.545 +/- 0.005 (stat) +/- 0.015 (syst) GeV/c. The results are compared with similar measurements at lower energies

Measurement of the charge ratio of atmospheric muons with the CMS detector

We present a measurement of the ratio of positive to negative muon fluxes from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, using data collected by the CMS detector both at ground level and in the underground experimental cavern at the CERN LHC. Muons were detected in the momentum range from 5 GeV/ c to 1 TeV/ c . The surface flux ratio is measured to be 1.2766±0.0032(stat.)±0.0032(syst.) , independent of the muon momentum, below 100 GeV/ c . This is the most precise measurement to date. At higher momenta the data are consistent with an increase of the charge ratio, in agreement with cosmic ray shower models and compatible with previous measurements by deep-underground experiments.We present a measurement of the ratio of positive to negative muon fluxes from cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, using data collected by the CMS detector both at ground level and in the underground experimental cavern at the CERN LHC. Muons were detected in the momentum range from 5 GeV/c to 1 TeV/c. The surface flux ratio is measured to be 1.2766 \pm 0.0032(stat.) \pm 0.0032 (syst.), independent of the muon momentum, below 100 GeV/c. This is the most precise measurement to date. At higher momenta the data are consistent with an increase of the charge ratio, in agreement with cosmic ray shower models and compatible with previous measurements by deep-underground experiments

Search for Pair Production of Second-Generation Scalar Leptoquarks in pp Collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV

A search for pair production of second-generation scalar leptoquarks in the final state with two muons and two jets is performed using proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 34 inverse picobarns. The number of observed events is in good agreement with the predictions from the standard model processes. An upper limit is set on the second-generation leptoquark cross section times beta^2 as a function of the leptoquark mass, and leptoquarks with masses below 394 GeV are excluded at a 95% confidence level for beta = 1, where beta is the leptoquark branching fraction into a muon and a quark. These limits are the most stringent to date