Social exclusion the youth vocational schools in the Municipality of Krakow in the context of the HIA

Wykluczenie społeczne wśród absolwentów szkół zawodowych jest często występującym zjawiskiem. Przeciwdziałaniem wykluczeniu społecznemu oraz ubóstwu zajmuje się cały szereg organizacji pozarządowych, rządowych nie tylko na terenie Polski ale również Unii Europejskiej. Skupiając się na terytorium naszego kraju, przykładem walki z wykluczeniem społecznym i ubóstwem jest „Krajowy Program Przeciwdziałania Ubóstwu i Wykluczeniu Społecznemu 2020. Nowy wymiar aktywnej integracji”. Program ten diagnozuje skale ubóstwa i wykluczenia społecznego w Polsce, jeden z jego pięciu celów szczegółowych zagwarantuje w przyszłości szanse młodzieży na lepsze wejście na rynek pracy oraz tworzenie rodzin. Analiza wybranych projektów i raportów dotyczących wykluczenia społecznego absolwentów szkół zawodowych oraz wpływu wykształcenia na ich stan zdrowia wykazała, że głównym problemem jest stan szkolnictwa zawodowego w Polsce. U pracodawców zastrzeżenia budził program nauczania opierający się głównie na teorii, lekceważący praktykę. Według opinii uczestników badania [MEN, 2011] szkolnictwo zawodowe od kilku lat stosuje te same programy nauczania, szkoła nie inwestuje w nowe technologie. Raporty [MEN, 2011; MORPiE, 2009] wykazały, że występuje bariera pomiędzy nawiązaniem współpracy pracodawców ze szkołami spowodowana nieskutecznym przepływem informacji zarówno ze strony szkoły (brak wiedzy odnośnie przedsiębiorców funkcjonujących na danym terenie) jak i firm (brak informacji dotyczących kierunków kształcenia odbywających się w szkołach).Według raportów [MEN, 2011; MORPiE, 2009] decyzja o wyborze szkoły przez młodzież była nieświadoma, spowodowana najczęściej lokalizacją szkoły, rówieśnikami uczęszczającymi do niej a nie kierunkiem kształcenia co w efekcie prowadziło do niezadowolenia z wykonywanego zawodu. Z przeprowadzonej analizy publikacji „ Nisko wykształceni pracownicy a zdrowie- wyzwanie dla edukacji zdrowotnej” wynika, iż pracownicy z wykształceniem zawodowym dużo rzadziej zastanawiają się nad tym czym jest zdrowie, są im mało znane zachowania prozdrowotne zarówno w życiu codziennym jak i zawodowym.Social exclusion among graduates of vocational schools is a common phenomenon. Prevention of social exclusion and poverty is a whole range of NGOs, government, not only in Polish but also the European Union. Focusing on the territory of our country, an example of the fight against social exclusion and poverty is the "National Program for Combating Poverty and Social Exclusion 2020. The new dimension active inclusion”. This program diagnoses the scales of poverty and social exclusion in Poland, one of his five specific objectives will ensure the future of young people a better chance of entering the labor market and family formation. Analysis of selected projects and reports on social exclusion graduates of vocational schools and the impact of education on their health status showed that the main problem is the state of vocational education in Poland. Employers objections aroused learning program based mostly on theory, disrespectful practice. According to the opinion participants in the study [MEN, 2009] vocational education for several years applied the same curricula, the school is not investing in new technologies. Reports [MEN, 2011; MORPiE, 2009] have shown that there is a barrier between employers in cooperation with schools caused ineffective flow of information both on the part school (no knowledge of the entrepreneurs functioning in the area) as well as companies (absence of information on the education taking place in schools). According to reports [MEN, 2011; MORPiE, 2009], the decision of choosing a school for young people were unaware, mostly caused location of the school, peers attending to her and not the direction of education which in effect led to the dissatisfaction with the occupation. The analysis publication "Low educated employees and health- challenge for health education" shows that workers with vocational education much less likely to reflect on what health is, they are little-known health promoting behaviors both in everyday life and professional life

Description and Cross-Sectional Analyses of 25,880 Adults and Children in the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases Cohort

Introduction: The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) collects data from people living with rare kidney diseases across the UK, and is the world's largest, rare kidney disease registry. We present the clinical demographics and renal function of 25,880 prevalent patients and sought evidence of bias in recruitment to RaDaR. Methods: RaDaR is linked with the UK Renal Registry (UKRR, with which all UK patients receiving kidney replacement therapy [KRT] are registered). We assessed ethnicity and socioeconomic status in the following: (i) prevalent RaDaR patients receiving KRT compared with patients with eligible rare disease diagnoses receiving KRT in the UKRR, (ii) patients recruited to RaDaR compared with all eligible unrecruited patients at 2 renal centers, and (iii) the age-stratified ethnicity distribution of RaDaR patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was compared to that of the English census. Results: We found evidence of disparities in ethnicity and social deprivation in recruitment to RaDaR; however, these were not consistent across comparisons. Compared with either adults recruited to RaDaR or the English population, children recruited to RaDaR were more likely to be of Asian ethnicity (17.3% vs. 7.5%, P-value < 0.0001) and live in more socially deprived areas (30.3% vs. 17.3% in the most deprived Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) quintile, P-value < 0.0001). Conclusion: We observed no evidence of systematic biases in recruitment of patients into RaDaR; however, the data provide empirical evidence of negative economic and social consequences (across all ethnicities) experienced by families with children affected by rare kidney diseases

Effects of rare kidney diseases on kidney failure: a longitudinal analysis of the UK National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) cohort

Individuals with rare kidney diseases account for 5-10% of people with chronic kidney disease, but constitute more than 25% of patients receiving kidney replacement therapy. The National Registry of Rare Kidney Diseases (RaDaR) gathers longitudinal data from patients with these conditions, which we used to study disease progression and outcomes of death and kidney failure.People aged 0-96 years living with 28 types of rare kidney diseases were recruited from 108 UK renal care facilities. The primary outcomes were cumulative incidence of mortality and kidney failure in individuals with rare kidney diseases, which were calculated and compared with that of unselected patients with chronic kidney disease. Cumulative incidence and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were calculated for the following outcomes: median age at kidney failure; median age at death; time from start of dialysis to death; and time from diagnosis to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) thresholds, allowing calculation of time from last eGFR of 75 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or more to first eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (the therapeutic trial window).Between Jan 18, 2010, and July 25, 2022, 27 285 participants were recruited to RaDaR. Median follow-up time from diagnosis was 9·6 years (IQR 5·9-16·7). RaDaR participants had significantly higher 5-year cumulative incidence of kidney failure than 2·81 million UK patients with all-cause chronic kidney disease (28% vs 1%; p Background Methods Findings Interpretation Funding</p