Gyógyszertári készlet optimalizálás a fogyásadatok függvényében

Nowadays there are more than 5,000 registered medicine in Hungary and the number of other medicinal products every day is more average 20 than previous day. The consumer's data of products are very heterogeneous. It is an important logistics task to satisfy the demands of consumers immediately. Increasing competition in the drug sector, competition between pharmacies forces the most rational pooling, avoiding the unnecessary pool stacking.Napjainkban Magyarországon több mint 5000 törzskönyvezett gyógyszer van forgalomban, emellett a gyógyszernek nem minősülő egyéb termékek száma naponta folyamatosan növekszik. A készítmények között van olyan, amit egy átlagos patikában naponta több tucatszor keresnek, de olyan termékre is akad példa, amire évi egyszer lenne csak igény. A heterogén fogyási adatok, valamint a forgalmazott szerek robbanásszerű növekedésének köszönhetően a gyógyszertáraknak egyre nagyobb logisztikai kihívást jelent, hogy a fogyasztói igényeket teljes mértékben, azonnal ki tudják elégíteni. A szektorra jellemző élesedő versenyhelyzet, patikák közötti konkurenciaharc azonban mindinkább kikényszeríti a gyógyszertáraktól a lehető legracionálisabb készlettervezést, ami figyelembe veszi az aktuális keresletet, de kerüli a gazdaságilag veszélyes felesleges készlethalmozást.&nbsp

Gyógyszertári készlet optimalizálás a fogyásadatok függvényében

Absztrakt: Napjainkban Magyarországon több mint 5000 törzskönyvezett gyógyszer van forgalomban, emellett a gyógyszernek nem minősülő egyéb termékek száma naponta folyamatosan növekszik. A készítmények között van olyan, amit egy átlagos patikában naponta több tucatszor keresnek, de olyan termékre is akad példa, amire évi egyszer lenne csak igény. A heterogén fogyási adatok, valamint a forgalmazott szerek robbanásszerű növekedésének köszönhetően a gyógyszertáraknak egyre nagyobb logisztikai kihívást jelent, hogy a fogyasztói igényeket teljes mértékben, azonnal ki tudják elégíteni. A szektorra jellemző élesedő versenyhelyzet, patikák közötti konkurenciaharc azonban mindinkább kikényszeríti a gyógyszertáraktól a lehető legracionálisabb készlettervezést, ami figyelembe veszi az aktuális keresletet, de kerüli a gazdaságilag veszélyes felesleges készlethalmozást. Abstract: Nowadays there are more than 5,000 registered medicine in Hungary and the number of other medicinal products every day is more average 20 than previous day. The consumer's data of products are very heterogeneous. It is an important logistics task to satisfy the demands of consumers immediately. Increasing competition in the drug sector, competition between pharmacies forces the most rational pooling, avoiding the unnecessary pool stacking

Standard Analytical Methods, Sensory Evaluation, NIRS and Electronic Tongue for Sensing Taste Attributes of Different Melon Varieties

Grafting by vegetables is a practice with many benefits, but also with some unknown influences on the chemical composition of the fruits. Our goal was to assess the effects of grafting and storage on the extracted juice of four orange-fleshed Cantaloupe type (Celestial, Donatello, Centro, Jannet) melons and two green-fleshed Galia types (Aikido, London), using sensory profile analysis and analytical instruments: An electronic tongue (E-tongue) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Both instruments are known for rapid qualitative and quantitative food analysis. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to classify melons according to their varieties and storage conditions. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was used to predict sensory and standard analytical parameters. Celestial variety had the highest intensity for sensory attributes in Cantaloupe variety. Both green and orange-fleshed melons were discriminated and predicted in LDA with high accuracies (100%) using the E-tongue and NIRS. Galia and Cantaloupe inter-varietal classification with the E-tongue was 89.9% and 82.33%, respectively. NIRS inter-varietal classification was 100% with Celestial variety being the most discriminated as with the sensory results. Both instruments, classified different storage conditions of melons (grafted and self-rooted) with high accuracies. PLSR showed high accuracy for some standard analytical parameters, where significant differences were found comparing different varieties in ANOVA

Légtömegtípusok objektív osztályozása Szegedre különös tekintettel a levegő szennyezettségére a téli hónapokban = An objective classification system of air mass types for Szeged, Hungary with special interest to air pollution levels in the winter months

This paper determines the characteristic air mass types over the Carpathian Basin for the winter (December, January, and February) and summer (June, July and August) months with the levels of the main air pollutants. Based on the ECMWF data set, daily sea-level pressure fields analysed at 00 UTC were prepared for each air mass type (cluster) in order to relate sea-level pressure patterns with the levels of air pollutants in Szeged. The data basis comprises daily values of twelve meteorological and eight pollutant parameters for the period 1997-2001. Objective definition of the characteristic air mass types occurred by using the methods of Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis. According to the results, during the winter months five air mass types (clusters) were detected corresponding to levels of the primary pollutants that appear with higher concentrations when irradiance is high and wind speed is low. This is the case when an anticyclone is found over the Carpathian Basin and when an anticyclone prevails over the region south of Hungary, influencing the weather of the country. Low levels of pollutants occur when zonal currents exert influence over Hungary. During the summer months anticyclones and anticyclone edge situations are found over the Carpathian Basin. (During the prevalence of anticyclone edge situations, the Carpathian Basin is found at the edge of a high pressure centre.) As a result of high irradiance and very low NO levels, secondary pollutants are highly enriched

Mycorrhizal Inoculation Effect on Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) Seedlings

Sweet potato is an increasingly significant crop and its effective and sustainable cultivation has become important in temperate countries. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of a mycorrhizal inoculum, Symbivit, and whether it could establish a symbiotic relationship with the seedlings of two sweet potato varieties (orange and purple). The effectiveness of the mycorrhizal inoculation with a sterilized substrate on the mycorrhizal parameters (F%, M%, m%, a%, A%) and physical parameters “[length of roots and shoots (cm), the fresh weight of shoots and roots (g) as well as the length of stem (cm)]” on the sweet potato seedlings has also been studied. Results show that the sterilization treatment with Symbivit in both varieties increased the frequency of mycorrhiza in the root system. For the intensity of the mycorrhizal colonization in the root fragments and the arbuscular abundance, there was a difference between the mycorrhizal inoculum and the sterilization treatment among the varieties. Overall, the preliminary results provided remarkable information about mycorrhizal inoculation, substrate sterilization on mycorrhizal development, as well as changes in the physical parameters between sweet potato seedlings. Our results could serve as a practical strategy for further research into adding significance to the effect of the beneficial soil microbes on sweet potatoes

The Regulation of Apoptosis in Intrauterine Growth Restriction: A Study of Bcl-2 and Bax Gene Expression in Human Placenta

Introduction: In this study, we assessed Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression patterns in human placental samples from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) pregnancies using normal pregnancy as control. We hypothesized that either or both of these regulatory genes are involved in the enhanced apoptotic activity known to occur in IUGR. Materials and Methods: We compared Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression in placental samples from all IUGR pregnancies treated in our clinic between January 1, 2010 – January 1, 2011 versus 140 normal pregnancy samples from the same study period. We also assessed clinical parameters such as maternal age, gestational weight gain, gestational BMI change, and maternal birth weight. Results: In IUGR, the Bcl-2 gene was underexpressed compared to normal pregnancy. There was no difference in the Bax gene activity in the two groups. The degree of growth restriction within the IUGR group did not correlate with Bcl-2 or Bax gene activity. The risk for IUGR appeared highest with maternal age between 17-24 and 35-44. Discussion: Our study revealed that it is the reduced inhibitory activity of the Bcl-2 gene rather than an enhanced stimulatory activity of the Bax gene in the background of the increased apoptosis observed in IUGR. IUGR appears to be more common with maternal age around 20 years and above 35 years. Gestational weight gain and gestational BMI change also predict the risk for IUGR