SUSTAINABLE BIOFUELS IN HUNGARY AND EUROPE – SELF-DEFEATING INCENTIVES?

Substituting fossil fuels has been a prominent issue in the EU in recent years. Energy security, agricultural and environmental considerations have all played a part in the development of alternative fuels and in the creation of incentives promoting their use. The system, like big systems in general, cannot react to new developments quickly and it seems there are elements that we should seriously consider removing or replacing to avoid adverse effects. This paper will attempt to summarize the current issues and propose possible solutions in the form of seven recommendations to make the European incentive system more effective in the interest of sustainable rural development, an area that is of prime importance for Hungary. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A fosszilis üzemanyagok kiváltását az elmúlt években az EU kiemelt témaként kezelte. Az ener¬giabiztonság, valamint az agrárgazdasági és környezeti megfontolások mind szerepet játszottak az alternatív üzemanyagok kifejlÅ‘désben éppúgy, mint a használatukat elÅ‘segíteni hivatott támogatások életre hívásában. A kialakult rendszer, mint a nagy rendszerek általában, jelen formájában nem reagál kellÅ‘ gyorsasággal az új fejleményekre, valamint olyan elemeket foglal magában, melyeket célszerű lenne felülvizsgálni, illetve helyettesíteni a káros hatások elkerülése érdekében. Jelen cikk célja ezen problémák összefoglalásán túl olyan javaslatok megfogalmazása, melyek egy olyan támogatási rendszer felé mutatnak, ami agrárgazdasági szempontból is kedvezÅ‘bb a jelenleginél.incentives, sustainable biofuel production, transport, rural development, externalities, támogatások, fenntartható bioüzemanyag-termelés, kereskedelem, vidékfejlesztés, externáliák, Agricultural and Food Policy, Land Economics/Use,

Strategic research and innovation agenda on circular economy

CICERONE aims to bring national, regional and local governments together to jointly tackle the circular economy transition needed to reach net-zero carbon emissions and meet the targets set in the Paris Agreement and EU Green Deal. This document represents one of the key outcomes of the project: a Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for Europe, to support owners and funders of circular economy programmes in aligning priorities and approaching the circular economy transition in a systemic way

SUSTAINABLE BIOFUELS IN HUNGARY AND EUROPE – SELF-DEFEATING INCENTIVES?

Substituting fossil fuels has been a prominent issue in the EU in recent years. Energy security, agricultural and environmental considerations have all played a part in the development of alternative fuels and in the creation of incentives promoting their use. The system, like big systems in general, cannot react to new developments quickly and it seems there are elements that we should seriously consider removing or replacing to avoid adverse effects. This paper will attempt to summarize the current issues and propose possible solutions in the form of seven recommendations to make the European incentive system more effective in the interest of sustainable rural development, an area that is of prime importance for Hungary. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ A fosszilis üzemanyagok kiváltását az elmúlt években az EU kiemelt témaként kezelte. Az ener¬giabiztonság, valamint az agrárgazdasági és környezeti megfontolások mind szerepet játszottak az alternatív üzemanyagok kifejlődésben éppúgy, mint a használatukat elősegíteni hivatott támogatások életre hívásában. A kialakult rendszer, mint a nagy rendszerek általában, jelen formájában nem reagál kellő gyorsasággal az új fejleményekre, valamint olyan elemeket foglal magában, melyeket célszerű lenne felülvizsgálni, illetve helyettesíteni a káros hatások elkerülése érdekében. Jelen cikk célja ezen problémák összefoglalásán túl olyan javaslatok megfogalmazása, melyek egy olyan támogatási rendszer felé mutatnak, ami agrárgazdasági szempontból is kedvezőbb a jelenleginél

Unbridgeable gap between transport policy and practice in Hungary / Vengrijos transporto tolitikos ir praktikos totrūkis

Due to the increasing energy demand and mobility of the human population and in order to pursue sustainable development and decrease fossil fuel dependency there is a major need to use alternative energy sources. Nowadays the 20-20-20 policy is under revision. It has become clear that the transport sector on the EU level will not be able to meet the goal of 20% usage of renewable energy sources by 2020. Our paper investigates the possibilities of Hungary for reaching 10% of renewable energy sources in transport sector. Our research indicates that blending bioethanol and biodiesel with conventional fuels is not sufficient not provide an effective and alternative way to fulfill 10% part of transport-related energy demand. Further efforts are needed that can only be done by deep analysis of the current situation and active participationin policymaking as an additional tool of reaching the target: changing our social behaviour. Furthermore, our investigationshows that this general problem can occur not only in Hungary but in those European countries that targeted the 10% renewable energy share in their transport sector. Santrauka Dėl vis kylančio energijos poreikio ir gyventojų mobilumo bei siekiant įgyvendinti tvariosios plėtros principus, sumažinti priklausomybę nuo iškastinio kuro, didėja būtinumas naudoti alternatyviuosius energijos išteklius. Svarbu konkrečiau apibrėžti projekto „20–20–20“ tikslus. Akivaizdu, Europos Sąjungos lygiu transporto sektoriui nepavyks įgyvendinti, kad iki 2020 m. atsinaujinantys šaltiniai būtų naudojami 20 proc. Nagrinėjamos Vengrijos transporto sektoriaus galimybės alternatyviuosius energijos šaltinius naudoti 10 proc. Atlikus tyrimus nustatyta, kad maišyti bioetanolį ir biodyzeliną su įprastiniu kuru nėra pakankama priemonė, kad taptų efektyvia alternatyva ir transportui būtinos energijos poreikį patenkintų 10 proc. Būtinos tolesnės pastangos, dalyvaujant suinteresuotosioms šalims, išsamiai analizuoti esamą situaciją ir keisti socialinę elgseną, kad tai taptų papildoma priemone siekiant tikslo. Nustatyta, kad ši bendrojo pobūdžio problema gali kilti ne tik Vengrijoje, bet ir tose Europos šalyse, kuriose užsibrėžta atsinaujinančius šaltinius transporto srityje naudoti 10 proc. Reikšminiai žodžiai: kuro rūšys, energetikos politika, energijos poreikis, anglies dioksidas, aplinkosauginis reguliavima

Wave theory analysis of the Hungarian vehicle fleet especially focusing on emission categories

Toyotarity means the improvement of quality, decrease of production costs and production time, increase of safety and morale. With the help of tools of toyotarity strategic factors can be determined, production or service problems can be revealed. In this paper tools of toyotarity are obtained to analyse the driving factors of Hungarian vehicle fleet and car renewal. Product analysis was conducted on the basis of wavetheory

Wave theory analysis of the Hungarian vehi-cle fleet especially focusing on emission categories

Toyotarity means the improvement of quality, decrease of production costs and production time, increase of safety and morale. With the help of tools of toyotarity strategic factors can be determined, production or service problems can be revealed. In this paper tools of toyotarity are obtained to analyse the driving factors of Hungarian vehicle fleet and car renewal. Product analysis was conducted on the basis of wavetheory

Quantitative PCR with 16S rRNA-gene-targeted specific primers for analysis of caecal microbial community in growing rabbits after dietary supplementation of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and spirulina (Arthrospira platensis)

Objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of growing rabbits’ diet with 5% spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) and/or 3% (Thymus vulgaris L.), on composition and amount of rabbits caecal microbiota. After weaning, rabbits were randomly sorted to 4 groups (n = 42/group). The control group received a pellet without any supplementation, in treated groups the dietary supplementation was provided until 77 days of age. On 49, 63 and 77 days of age, six healthy animals/group were randomly selected and slaughtered. From the caecal content the amount of total bacteria, Bacteroides, Clostridium leptum and Clostridium coccoides were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), with the aid of bacterial ribosome coding DNA. The copy number of total bacteria, C. leptum, C. coccoides and Bacteroides varied between 2.75 × 1012 to 2.24 × 1013, 5.25 × 1011 to 1.82 × 1012, 2.5 × 1010 to 6.91 × 1011 and 5.89 × 1010 to 1.10 × 1012, respectively. The amount of investigated bacteria represented 0.6%-13.4% of the total bacteria. The use of spirulina and/or thyme supplements influenced the amount of the copy number of each bacteria examined between 49 and 77 days of age. Their effect on the total bacteria number was temporary. Spirulina resulted in more Bacteroides on day 63 but significantly lower amount of Clostridia at 63 and at 77 days of age. The antimicrobial effect of thyme on the absolute Clostridia number was temporary, prevailing on day 63. Thyme resulted in significantly decreasing percentage ratio (within total bacteria) of C. leptum and C. coccoides by 77 days of age