Echokardiograficzna rozkurczowa próba wysiłkowa

Diastolic dysfunction can lead to heart failure symptoms if it causes elevated left atrial pressure. Diastolic function changes dynamically for example during physical exercise. That is why echocardiography at rest may not detect signs of left atrial pressure elevation. In this article, we present an outline of diastolic function assessment at rest, and indications for a diastolic stress test, its protocols and interpretation.Zaburzenia funkcji rozkurczowej lewej komory mogą tłumaczyć objawy niewydolności serca, jeśli prowadzą do podwyższonego ciśnienia w lewym przedsionku. Funkcja rozkurczowa zmienia się dynamicznie między innymi pod wpływem wysiłku fizycznego. Z tego powodu w spoczynkowym badaniu echokardiograficznym możemy nie stwierdzić zaburzeń funkcji rozkurczowej tłumaczącej objawy niewydolności serca. W artykule zostały zaprezentowane metody oceny funkcji rozkurczowej w spoczynkowym badaniu echokardiograficznym, wskazania do echokardiograficznej rozkurczowej próby wysiłkowej, protokoły jej wykonania i sposób interpretacji wynikó

Gonadotropina kosmówkowa – czego nie mierzą komercyjne testy

Measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) synthesized by trophoblast cells is a powerful tool of pregnancy monitoring. It was showed that similarly to pregnancy also trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic malignancies produce variety of hCG molecules. In urine and serum of both pregnant women and tumors patients a fifteen various forms of hCG, such as: regular hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG and predominant hyperglycosylated hCG free β, were identified. These forms might be useful in order to recognize between physiological and pathological pregnancies as well as cancers. Even the presence of these different hormone variants is well documented the commercially available biochemical tests detecting hCG failed to identified and distinguish among these forms. Especially hard is to identify glycan chains linked to heterodimer. Thus, a detailed analysis of hCG-related molecules produced during physiological and pathological condition, together with a new tests development are needed.Wykrywanie ludzkiej gonadotropiny kosmówkowej (hCG) produkowanej przez komórki trofoblastu jest wykorzystywane do wykrywania i monitorowania rozwijającej się ciąży. Oprócz ciąży szereg nowotworów pochodzenia zarówno trofoblastycznego jak i nietrofoblastycznego cechuje synteza i wydzielanie różnych form gonadotropiny kosmówkowej. Dotychczas w surowicy i moczu kobiet ciężarnych oraz u osób z chorobami nowotworowymi zidentyfikowano piętnaście różnych form hCG. Najczęściej występującymi cząsteczkami są: regularna hCG, hiperglikozylowana hCG i hiperglikozylowana wolna podjednostka beta. Cząsteczki te mogą być wykorzystane do rozróżnienia pomiędzy ciążą fizjologiczną a patologiczną, czy rozpoznania nowotworu rakiem Niestety dostępne na rynku testy diagnostyczne nie są wstanie wykryć i rozróżnić poszczególnych form hCG. Szczególnie trudne w identyfikacji są reszty cukrowcowe związane z hormonem. Szczegółowa analiza cząsteczek hCG produkowanych w określonych warunkach fizjologicznych jak i patologicznych powinna pozwolić na opracowanie nowych testów pozwalających na ich identyfikację

Localization of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit transcripts in ovarian cancer tissue.

Recent studies demonstrated that besides placenta and malignant trophoblastic tumors, hCG and especially its beta-subunit is secreted by a varieties of tumors of different origin. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the expression pattern of human chorionic gonadotropin gene in ovarian cancer tissue. The study included 8 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The expression and distribution of hCGbeta mRNA was assessed by in situ RT-PCR method. The semi-quantitative assessment was performed using computer image analysis. Transformation of the images into the pseudocolour scale showed a clear difference in fluorescence intensity among individual cancer cells. The intensity of ISRT-PCR products corresponding with expression level of hCGbeta demonstrated that its production by individual cancer cells is different. In all studied specimens of the ovarian carcinoma tissue, cancer cells characterized by the presence of active hCGbeta gene were found, whereas noncancerous tissue demonstrated lack of the gene expression. Thus, the study clearly shows that the expression of hCGbeta is the feature of ovarian cancer tissue

Herschel PACS and SPIRE observations of blazar PKS 1510-089: a case for two blazar zones

We present the results of observations of blazar PKS 1510-089 with the Herschel Space Observatory PACS and SPIRE instruments, together with multiwavelength data from Fermi/LAT, Swift, SMARTS and SMA. The source was found in a quiet state, and its far-infrared spectrum is consistent with a power-law with a spectral index of alpha ~ 0.7. Our Herschel observations were preceded by two 'orphan' gamma-ray flares. The near-infrared data reveal the high-energy cut-off in the main synchrotron component, which cannot be associated with the main gamma-ray component in a one-zone leptonic model. This is because in such a model the luminosity ratio of the External-Compton and synchrotron components is tightly related to the frequency ratio of these components, and in this particular case an unrealistically high energy density of the external radiation would be implied. Therefore, we consider a well-constrained two-zone blazar model to interpret the entire dataset. In this framework, the observed infrared emission is associated with the synchrotron component produced in the hot-dust region at the supra-pc scale, while the gamma-ray emission is associated with the External-Compton component produced in the broad-line region at the sub-pc scale. In addition, the optical/UV emission is associated with the accretion disk thermal emission, with the accretion disk corona likely contributing to the X-ray emission.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 7 tables; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

Machine learning methods as an aid in planning orthodontic treatment on the example of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography analysis: a literature review

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are used in many areas of computer vision, such as object tracking and recognition, security, military, and biomedical image analysis. In this work, we describe the current methods, the architectures of deep convolutional neural networks used in CBCT. Literature from 2000-2020 from the PubMed database, Google Scholar, was analyzed. Account has been taken of publications in English that describe architectures of deep convolutional neural networks used in CBCT. The results of the reviewed studies indicate that deep learning methods employed in orthodontics can be far superior in comparison to other high-performing algorithms

Trichrome Mallory's stain may indicate differential rates of RNA synthesis in eutopic and ectopic endometrium.

Mallory's triple staining is a histochemical technique used mainly for analysing connective tissues and glands and other tissues. We have described the differences in the nuclear staining between eutopic and ectopic endometrium as well as endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma using the Mallory's method. The ultrastructural differences between eutopic and ectopic endometrium have been detected. In normal and hyperplastic endometrium the presence of stromal cell nuclei with an increased affinity to aniline blue has been observed. The affinity has disappeared after digestion of tissues with RNase. In cases of endometriosis, independently of cell types, the nuclei have shown affinity to orange G. Similar effects in adenocarcinoma have been noted. The ultrastructural studies have shown that in normal endometrium the stroma contained cells with euchromatic and low electron density cell nuclei. In endometriosis heterochromatic cell nuclei present both in the stroma and within glands have been detected. The results indicate that the Mallory's technique may be a useful tool for recognizing the differences between eutopic and ectopic endometrium. The affinity for aniline blue in normal and hyperplastic endometrium occurs most likely due to increased RNA synthesis. Based on Mallory's staining a similarity between hyperplasia and unchanged endometrium in contrast to similar results of the staining obtained in cases of adenocarcinoma and endometriosis may be suggested

Echokardiograficzna rozkurczowa próba wysiłkowa

Diastolic dysfunction can lead to heart failure symptoms if it causes elevated left atrial pressure. Diastolic functionchanges dynamically for example during physical exercise. That is why echocardiography at rest may not detect signs ofleft atrial pressure elevation. In this article, we present an outline of diastolic function assessment at rest, and indicationsfor a diastolic stress test, its protocols and interpretation.Zaburzenia funkcji rozkurczowej lewej komory mogą tłumaczyć objawy niewydolności serca, jeśli prowadzą do podwyższonego ciśnienia w lewym przedsionku. Funkcja rozkurczowa dynamicznie się zmienia między innymi pod wpływem wysiłku fizycznego. Z tego powodu w spoczynkowym badaniu echokardiograficznym można nie stwierdzić zaburzeń funkcji rozkurczowej tłumaczącej objawy niewydolności serca. W artykule zaprezentowano metody oceny funkcji rozkurczowej w spoczynkowym badaniu echokardiograficznym, wskazania do echokardiograficznej rozkurczowej próby wysiłkowej, protokoły jej wykonania i sposób interpretacji wyników

Localization of the DAZ gene expression in seminiferous tubules of patients with spermatogenic disorders.

The research on the expression and mutations of DAZ and its homologues in human and other mammals suggests that protein products of these genes can mainly affect development of germinal cells. The aim of the present study was to analyze the expression of the DAZ gene in seminiferous tubules of six men with spermatogenic disorders (hypospermatogenesis and spermatogenic arrest). The results based on the RT-PCR IS technique demonstrated that the DAZ product was present only in some seminiferous tubules and the fluorescence intensity was different within individual tubules. The most intense fluorescence characterised the spermatogonia, especially these organised in small groups inside separate tubules. In the patients with spermatogenic arrest at the spermatocyte stage, the DAZ gene transcripts were also found in primary spermatocytes. However, the fluorescence intensity of primary spermatocytes, except the fluorescence of the spermatocytes localised upon the lumen, was weaker than the fluorescence of spermatogonia. The results of our study showed that DAZ gene activity seems to correspond to the proliferative activity of stem cells of germinal epithelium

Reduction of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit expression by modified U1 snRNA caused apoptosis in cervical cancer cells

BACKGROUND: Secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin, especially its beta subunit by malignant trophoblastic tumors and varieties of tumors of different origin is now well documented; however the role of hCG in tumorogenesis is still unknown. RESULTS: This study documents the molecular presence of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit in uterine cervix cancer tissues and investigates a novel technique to reduce hCGbeta levels based on expression of a modified U1 snRNA as a method to study the hormone's role in biology of human cervical cancer cells cultured in vitro. The property of U1 snRNA to block the accumulation of specific RNA transcript when it binds to its donor sequence within the 3' terminal exon was used. The first 10 nucleotides of the human U1 snRNA gene, which normally binds to the 5'ss in pre-mRNA were replaced by a sequence complementary to a 10-nt segment in the terminal exon of the hCGbeta mRNA. Three different 5' end-mutated U1 snRNA expression plasmids were tested, each targeting a different sequence in the hCGbeta mRNA, and we found each one blocked the expression of hCGbeta in HeLa cells, a cervix carcinoma cell line, as shown by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Reduction of hCGbeta levels resulted in a significantly increased apoptosis rate with almost 90% of cells transfected with modified anti-hCGbeta U1 snRNAs showing morphological changes characteristic of the apoptotic process. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit may act as a tumor growth-stimulating factor