Tsedenbal's Mongolia and Communist Aid Donors: A Reappraisal

During the Cold War most Western observers saw the Mongolian Communist dictatorship headed by Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal as a puppet regime, unable and unwilling to defend the nation’s interests against the Soviet Union. Following the democratic transition of 1989, this narrative became widely accepted in Mongolia as well. Recently studied Hungarian archival documents show, however, that the Mongolian Communist leadership resented foreign domination and made great efforts to pursue an independent economic policy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i12.97 Mongolian Journal of International Affairs No.12 2005: 91-9

Flood Risk in Szeged before River Engineering Works: A Historical Reconstruction

Szeged situated at the confluence of the Tisza and the Maros Rivers has been exposed to significant flood risk for centuries due to its low elevation and its location on the low floodplain level. After the Ottoman (Turkish) occupation of Hungary (ended in 1686), secondary sources often reported that the town was affected by devastating floods which entered the area from north, and a great part of the town or its whole area was inundated. Natural and artificial infill reduced the flood risk to some extent after the town had been founded, but in the 19th century flood risk was mitigated by river engineering and the reconstruction of the town. The town relief was raised by a huge amount of sediment, which makes it difficult to determine the elevation of the original relief as well as the exact flood risk of the study area. However, some engineering surveys originating from the 19th century contain hundreds of levelling data in a dense control point network making possible to model the relief of the whole town preceding its reconstruction and ground infill. Based on these data, we prepared a relief model which was compared with the known data of the 1772 flood peak, from which we deduced that 60% of the town must have been inundated before it was filled up. As there could have been 50-100 cm thick natural or artificial ground infill since the 11th century, the original natural relief can be gained by deducting these data. Based on this deduction, the extent of inundation centuries ago could reach 85%, which means almost total flooding

The Dynamic of Repression: The Global Impact of the Stalinist Model, 1944-1953

No abstract available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i10.123 The Mongolian Journal of International Affairs; Number 10, 2003, Pages 120-15

Functional Analyses Reveals an Expansive Revolution of the PRLIP (Pathogesis Related Lipase) Gene Family in Plants

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Book Reviews

Marcel den Dikken-Robert M. Vago (eds): Approaches to Hungarian, Volume 11: Papers from the 2007 New York Conferenc

Determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk samples by an OWLS-based immunosensor

An immunoreaction-based method was investigated for the detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), which is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). This mycotoxin may be found in milk and milk products obtained from livestock that have ingested contaminated feed. Quantitative analysis of AFM1 was carried out using indirect (competitive) immunoassay method, which can be used for low weight molecules. The real-time measurement was done with Optical Waveguide Lightmode Spectroscopy (OWLS) technique. After the optimization of the chemical and biochemical parameters (determination of the optimal concentration of the immobilized AFM1-protein conjugate, determination of the AFM1 antibody content of the samples, etc.) real samples were also examined. Three kinds of milk sample preparation methods (filtration, centrifugation, size exclusion centrifugation) and two dilution rates (100 and 200 fold) were compared. The presented competitive immunoassay method showed the best results when 100 fold diluted filtered or centrifuged milk samples were examined. The dynamic measuring ranges for AFM1 were 0.001–0.1 ng ml−1 and 0.0005–0.01 ng ml−1, respectively

Phrase-initial boundary tones in Hungarian interrogatives and exclamatives

There is a group of wh-interrogatives and wh-exclamatives in Hungarian that are distinguished only by means of prosody. It was shown previously that the distinction consists in having falling pitch accents on the wh-element in interrogatives, and rising pitch accents in exclamatives. In this paper, the relevance of sentence-initial f0 is investigated as a potential trigger for the above differences. A perception experiment was set up in which sentence-initial and sentence-final chunks containing only f0 information were presented to participants, along with the wh-element bearing the only pitch accent of the sentence. It was shown that sentence-initial chunks carried the most relevant information for sentence type identification, whereas pitch accent type and entence-final f0 were less informative. The findings suggest that phrase-initial boundary tones are of relevance in Hungarian prosody