Silence Fiction : Rethinking (Under) Representations of the “Feminine” Through Social Cognition

L'auteure revoit la question de la marginalisation sociale des femmes, mais cette fois à la lumière des théories cognitives sociales des perceptions dirigées par les schémas et les stéréotypes, le raisonnement, la mémoire et le comportement. Les notions d'« erreur fondamentale d'attribution » (« fundamental attribution error »), de « menace du stéréotype » (« stereotype threat ») et de « dépendance aux influences extérieures » («  outcome dependency ») seront convoquées afin d'expliquer pourquoi les mots et les actions des femmes ont traditionnellement été considérés comme ayant moins de portée que ceux des hommes. De plus, l'auteure évalue les bénéfices du modèle cognitif social pour les recherches en études cinématographiques : la compréhension raisonnée de la façon dont notre réalité habituelle et normative est construite peut être un complément fort utile aux théories cinématographiques de la dé-familiarisation qui invoquent la psychologie de l'esprit (notamment, l'« image-temps » de Deleuze).This essay readdresses the issue of the social marginalization of women in light of social cognitive theories of schema- and stereotype-driven perception, reasoning, memory, and behavior. The notions of "fundamental attribution error," "stereotype threat," and "outcome dependency" will help elucidate why women's words and actions have traditionally been construed as less consequential than those of their male peers. Moreover, the essay discusses the benefits of the social cognitive model for film scholarship. It argues that social cognition's comprehensive, micro-level understanding of how our habitual, normative reality is constructed can usefully complement those theories of cinematic defamiliarization that invoke the psychology of the mind (e.g., Deleuze's "time-image")

The Ay Problem for p-3He Elastic Scattering

We present evidence that numerically accurate quantum calculations employing modern internucleon forces do not reproduce the proton analyzing power, A_y, for p-3He elastic scattering at low energies. These calculations underpredict new measured analyzing powers by approximately 30% at E_{c.m.} = 1.20 MeV and by 40% at E_{c.m.} = 1.69 MeV, an effect analogous to a well-known problem in p-d and n-d scattering. The calculations are performed using the complex Kohn variational principle and the (correlated) Hyperspherical Harmonics technique with full treatment of the Coulomb force. The inclusion of the three-nucleon interaction does not improve the agreement with the experimental data.Comment: Latex file, 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published on Phys. Rev. Let

The diet of reservoir perch before, during and after establishment of non-native tubenose goby

In recent decades, gobiid species have increased their distribution throughout Europe and now often represent the dominant genus along many rivers and canals. In this study, we assessed the role of tubenose goby (Proterorhinus semilunaris) as a prey species of native perch (Perca fluviatilis) in a lowland reservoir soon after their initial introduction in 1994 (sampling started 1998) and 17 years after establishment (2011–2012). We compare these data with perch diet composition from before introduction (1981–1982). Our data indicate that tubenose gobies quickly became the dominant species along the reservoir bankside, making them an attractive prey for ≥1 + perch. There was a clear increasing trend in the numbers of larger perch caught along the rip-rap, with the largest fish clearly specialising on gobies. As such, introduction of tubenose gobies has had a pronounced effect on food web and population dynamics along the littoral zone. While goby numbers appear to have dropped significantly in recent years, apparently due to predation pressure, further studies are needed to assess whether such changes have had any general impact on population and food web dynamics within the reservoir