Study of microbiome aberrations in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea by next-generation sequencing

To investigate the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with IBS-

Female reproductive tract microbiome and early miscarriages

The review presents new data on the impact of the vaginal and uterine microbiome on the local immunity, including defense against sexually transmitted infections, and its association with other factors of miscarriage

Quantum magnetism in two dimensions: From semi-classical N\'eel order to magnetic disorder

This is a review of ground-state features of the s=1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet on two-dimensional lattices. A central issue is the interplay of lattice topology (e.g. coordination number, non-equivalent nearest-neighbor bonds, geometric frustration) and quantum fluctuations and their impact on possible long-range order. This article presents a unified summary of all 11 two-dimensional uniform Archimedean lattices which include e.g. the square, triangular and kagome lattice. We find that the ground state of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet is likely to be semi-classically ordered in most cases. However, the interplay of geometric frustration and quantum fluctuations gives rise to a quantum paramagnetic ground state without semi-classical long-range order on two lattices which are precisely those among the 11 uniform Archimedean lattices with a highly degenerate ground state in the classical limit. The first one is the famous kagome lattice where many low-lying singlet excitations are known to arise in the spin gap. The second lattice is called star lattice and has a clear gap to all excitations. Modification of certain bonds leads to quantum phase transitions which are also discussed briefly. Furthermore, we discuss the magnetization process of the Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the 11 Archimedean lattices, focusing on anomalies like plateaus and a magnetization jump just below the saturation field. As an illustration we discuss the two-dimensional Shastry-Sutherland model which is used to describe SrCu2(BO3)2.Comment: This is now the complete 72-page preprint version of the 2004 review article. This version corrects two further typographic errors (three total with respect to the published version), see page 2 for detail

Bose-Einstein Condensation in Magnetic Insulators

The elementary excitations in antiferromagnets are magnons, quasiparticles with integer spin and Bose statistics. In an experiment their density is controlled efficiently by an applied magnetic field and can be made finite to cause the formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Studies of magnon condensation in a growing number of magnetic materials provide a unique window into an exciting world of quantum phase transitions (QPT) and exotic quantum states.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figure

Features of the Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases

Introduction. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) occupy a leading position in the structure of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), as they are a progressive chronic pathology with an autoimmune type of inflammation. Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota can determine morphological changes at the latent stage of the disease. Aim of the study. To assess the genus-­species biodiversity of the microbiota in patients with IBD. Patients and methods. 16S rRNA sequencing of the intestinal microbiota was performed in 15 patients with confirmed ulcerative colitis (UC) and 20 healthy controls. The parameters of the full blood count and the serum level of C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. The analysis of the obtained data was carried out using Microsoft Excel and Statistica software. Results. Among the studied laboratory parameters in patients with IBD, there was a significant increase in CRP, leukocyte and neutrophil counts compared to the control group. Sequencing of the gut microbiota showed a decrease in the normobiota, as well as an increase in the representatives of the pathogenic cluster. Conclusion. In the present study, we demonstrated a decrease in the biodiversity of the gut microbiota in patients with IBD compared to the control group, a significant change in the pathogenic cluster, and an imbalance between the representatives of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes