THE TYPES OF COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES USED BY SPEAKING CLASS STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT COMMUNICATION APPREHENSION LEVELS IN ENGLISH DEPARTMENT OF PETRA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY, SURABAYA

This article reports on a study that aims to find out the types of Communication Strategies used and mostly used by students with high and low levels of Communication Apprehension and whether students with high level of Communication Apprehension used more numbers of Communication Strategies. The subjects in a created classroom were asked to retell a pictorial story and a pictorial instruction. The results showed that students with high Communication Apprehension level used more numbers of Communication Strategies

Women Refugees: An Imbalance of Protecting and Being Protected

The recent refugee crisis in Europe has become a prominent human security issues that continues to receive international attention. The main debate has been on the accommodation of refugees in European countries and the issues that arise from the sudden influx of people into those countries. Camps were established with limited time and information to prepare, leading to issues within these temporary living arrangements. Conditions are worse for women refugees, who suffer similarly to the men but have higher rates of insecurity. This paper attempts to argue for greater protection for women refugees. To do so, it will describe women refugees’ conditions and needs and relate them to an enforced moral responsibility. It argues for more attention to be given to women refugees with specific conditions, those who have been marginalized in most refugee policies. The main argument is that better protection for and empowerment of women refugees is urgently needed due to their own conditions and needs alongside the moral obligations to take care of children and the elderly. To do so, policies have to consult the specific needs of women. An important step towards this effort is to develop further and more detailed classification of women and their specific needs: women refugees’ needs are not merely determined by their own conditions but also the conditions of those they are responsible for

Women Refugees: An Imbalance of Protecting and Being Protected

The recent refugee crisis in Europe has become a prominent human security issues that continues to receive international attention. The main debate has been on the accommodation of refugees in European countries and the issues that arise from the sudden influx of people into those countries. Camps were established with limited time and information to prepare, leading to issues within these temporary living arrangements. Conditions are worse for women refugees, who suffer similarly to the men but have higher rates of insecurity. This paper attempts to argue for greater protection for women refugees. To do so, it will describe women refugees’ conditions and needs and relate them to an enforced moral responsibility. It argues for more attention to be given to women refugees with specific conditions, those who have been marginalized in most refugee policies. The main argument is that better protection for and empowerment of women refugees is urgently needed due to their own conditions and needs alongside the moral obligations to take care of children and the elderly. To do so, policies have to consult the specific needs of women. An important step towards this effort is to develop further and more detailed classification of women and their specific needs: women refugees’ needs are not merely determined by their own conditions but also the conditions of those they are responsible for.</pre

HNRNPH1 ‐related syndromic intellectual disability: Seven additional cases suggestive of a distinct syndromic neurodevelopmental syndrome

Pathogenic variants in HNRNPH1 were first reported in 2018. The reported individual, a 13 year old boy with a c.616C>T (p.R206W) variant in the HNRNPH1 gene, was noted to have overlapping symptoms with those observed in HNRNPH2-related X-linked intellectual disability, Bain type (MRXSB), specifically intellectual disability and dysmorphic features. While HNRNPH1 variants were initially proposed to represent an autosomal cause of MRXSB, we report an additional seven cases which identify phenotypic differences from MRXSB. Patients with HNRNPH1 pathogenic variants diagnosed via WES were identified using clinical networks and GeneMatcher. Features unique to individuals with HNRNPH1 variants include distinctive dysmorphic facial features; an increased incidence of congenital anomalies including cranial and brain abnormalities, genitourinary malformations, and palate abnormalities; increased incidence of ophthalmologic abnormalities; and a decreased incidence of epilepsy and cardiac defects compared to those with MRXSB. This suggests that pathogenic variants in HNRNPH1 result in a related, but distinct syndromic cause of intellectual disability from MRXSB, which we refer to as HNRNPH1-related intellectual disability

A new integrated assessment framework for climate-smart nutrition security in sub-Saharan Africa : the integrated Future Estimator for Emissions and Diets (iFEED)

Funding statement This work was supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council through UK Research and Innovation as part of the Global Challenges Research Fund, AFRICAP programme, grant number BB/P027784/1.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Types of communication strategies used by speaking class students with different communication apprehension levels of english department, Petra Christian University

This is a study about the types of Communication Strategies used by thirty students of English Department of Petra Christian University with different levels of Communication Apprehension. The writer chooses this topic because she observes that many students experience Communication Apprehension, which can influence the use of types of Communication Strategies. The writer attempts to find out the types of Communication Strategies used by students with high and low levels of Communication Apprehension and the types of Communication Strategies mostly used by them. In addition, she intends to find out whether students with high level of Communication Apprehension use more numbers of Communication Strategies rather than those with low level of Communication Apprehension. Language Anxiety by Horwitz et al. and Brown, Communication Apprehension by Daly and McCroskey, and Communication Strategies by Dornyei are the theories used in this study. The data are collected in a classroom created by the writer from two tasks-pictorial story telling and pictorial instruction. The writer finds that there are twelve types of Communication Strategies used by students with high Communication le vel; repetition, approximation, and using fillers are the Communication Strategies mostly used by them. There are thirteen types of Communication Strategies used by students with low Communication Apprehension level; and approximation, using fillers, and repetition are the Communication Strategies mostly used by them. It is also true that students with high Communication Apprehension level use more numbers of Communication Strategies than those with low Communication Apprehension level. Overall, the writer finds that actually English Foreign Language Learners of English Department of Petra Christian University experience Communication Apprehension in different levels, high and low, which influences the use of types of Communication Strategies they employ in oral presentation

Chapter 10 - Genetic Engineering of Signaling Molecules

To expand the capabilities of biosensors, there is a need to develop new signaling molecules. This chapter focuses on molecules, produced through genetic engineering, that combine the recognition element with a signaling element (such as a fluorophore) in an effort to optimize the signal caused by the binding of the analyte to the recognition element. These systems, while not necessarily originally developed for an optical fiber, can be immobilized at the tip of the fiber either through chemical attachment or entrapment behind a membrane. Three different systems will be examined: fluorophore-labeled binding proteins, FRET-based systems, and bacteria-based sensors. These systems use optical signaling methods to reveal the binding event, taking advantage of molecular biological techniques to optimize the signal. This chapter discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each system as well as the current state of the art of these biosensors

Interaction of Immobilized Avidin with an Aequorin–Biotin Conjugate: An Aequorin-Linked Assay for Biotin

Biotinylated recombinant aequorin was used in the development of a heterogeneous bioluminescence binding assay for biotin. This assay is based on a competition between a biotinylated aequorin conjugate and biotin for the binding sites of avidin immobilized on solid particles. Dose–response curves were obtained that relate solid-phase aequorin activity to the concentration of biotin. Under certain experimental conditions these curves were biphasic; i.e., as the biotin concentration increased, the solid-phase aequorin activity first increased reaching a maximum and then decreased at higher biotin concentrations. This “hook” effect was observed with four different types of immobilization supports. The effect was more pronounced when low concentrations of aequorin–biotin conjugate were used, and diminished at a high conjugate concentration. This behavior indicates a possible positive cooperativity in the interaction between the immobilized avidin and biotin. Scatchard plot analysis was also consistent with a positive cooperativity mechanism. By using the ascending portion of the dose–response curve, the detection limit of the assay for biotin was 1 × 10−15M (100 zmol of biotin in the sample)

Post-capillary reaction detection in capillary electrophoresis based on the streptavidin–biotin interaction: Optimization and application to single cell analysis

A class-selective post-capillary reaction detection method for capillary electrophoresis is described in which a streptavidin–fluorescein isothiocyanate (streptavidin–FITC) conjugate is used to detect biotin moieties. The selective binding of biotin moieties to the streptavidin–FITC conjugate causes an enhancement of fluorescence proportional to the concentration of biotin present. After capillary electrophoresis the separated analytes react with streptavidin–FITC in a coaxial reactor and are then detected either by a benchtop spectrofluorometer (2.5 μ M detection limit) or by an epi-fluorescence microscope (1·10 −7 M detection limit). The method is used to examine biotinylated species in a crude mammalian cell lysate which was found to contain 83±3 fmol in 3600 cell volumes. In addition, it is used to examine the uptake of biotin by individual sea urchin oocytes. The results indicate that, in the oocytes, biocytin is the prevalent form of biotin and its concentration varies widely between cells (mean=2±2 μ M)

Homogeneous Bioluminescence Competitive Binding Assay for Folate Based on a Coupled Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase−Bacterial Luciferase Enzyme System

A homogeneous bioluminescence competitive binding assay for folate was developed by using a coupled enzyme system of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and bacterial luciferase. A highly substituted G6PDH−folate conjugate was prepared by employing an N-hydroxysuccinimide/carbodiimide method. Folate binding protein inhibits the activity of the conjugate. In the presence of folate, there is a competition between folate and the G6PDH−folate conjugate for the binding site of the folate binding protein, and the activity of the conjugate is recovered. Thus, the concentration of folate can be related to the activity of the G6PDH−folate conjugate, which is directly related to the bioluminescence produced by the coupled enzyme reaction. Using this assay, dose−response curves with a detection limit of 2.5 × 10-8 M folate were obtained, which is an improvement of an order of magnitude with respect to an assay that monitors G6PDH activity spectrophotometrically. The assay was validated using vitamin tablets and a cell culture medium