EFFECT OF CONDENSER CONDITIONS ON PERFORMANCE OF A STEAM POWER PLANT

The need for electrical energy will certainly continue to grow, and it has become imperative to lower cost of electricity and enhance the operational economy of the power plant. Most of the electricity being produced throughout the world today is from steam power plants and improving the performance of power plant is a trending topic. The conventional steam power plant working under the Rankine cycle and the steam condenser as a heat sink and the steam boiler as a heat source have the same importance for the power plant operating process. Energy efficiency of the thermal power plant strongly depends on its turbine-condenser system operation mode. The cold end conditions of condenser are of the great influence on the maximum generated power and heat rate value. In this project, an endeavor has been made to study the condenser; different variables which affect the performance of condenser, various energy losses while condensation and impact on overall performance of steam power plant

An Empirical Analysis of the Linder

This paper presents empirical evidence in support of the Linder theory of international trade for three of the South Asian countries, Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. This finding implies that these countries trade more intensively with countries of other regions, which may have similar per capita income levels, as predicted by Linder in his hypothesis. The contribution of this research is threefold: first, there is new information on the Linder hypothesis by focusing on South Asian countries; second, this is one of very few analyses to capture both time-series and cross-section elements of the trade relationship by employing a panel data set; third, the empirical methodology used in this analysis corrects a major shortcoming in the existing literature by using a censored dependent variable in estimation.

EFFECT OF CONDENSER CONDITIONS ON PERFORMANCE OF A STEAM POWER PLANT

The need for electrical energy will certainly continue to grow, and it has become imperative to lower cost of electricity and enhance the operational economy of the power plant. Most of the electricity being produced throughout the world today is from steam power plants and improving the performance of power plant is a trending topic. The conventional steam power plant working under the Rankine cycle and the steam condenser as a heat sink and the steam boiler as a heat source have the same importance for the power plant operating process. Energy efficiency of the thermal power plant strongly depends on its turbine-condenser system operation mode. The cold end conditions of condenser are of the great influence on the maximum generated power and heat rate value. In this project, an endeavor has been made to study the condenser; different variables which affect the performance of condenser, various energy losses while condensation and impact on overall performance of steam power plant

A Nonparametric Analysis for Stability of Wheat Genotypes Tested in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

The objective of our study is to investigate the relationship amongst nonparametric stability statistics. Genotype environment interaction (G × EI) of eighteen genotypes wheat, tested at seven locations was interpreted by non-parametric measures. Different nonparametric measures for (G×EI) on the grain yield data of eighteen wheat’s genotypes were selected from NUWYT in the year 2016-17 in Pakistan. The experiments were conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) and were replicated twice at each location. The nonparametric steps were used to attain improvement for G×EI at (P < 0.01) which recommended the various interaction of the wheat’s genotype to be tested in each environment. Rank correlation by Spearman was applied to calculate the relationship amongst the stability of statistics with (PCA) biplot. The results of (PCA) and correlation analysis of nonparametric stability measures indicate to select stable and highly yield genotype by using Si1, Si2, Si3 and Si6 (Huehn, 1979), the NPi1, NPi2, NPi3 and NPi4 (Thennarasu.1995) and rank sum (Kang’s 1988).  G16, G1 and G5, were found to be the most stable genotypes and G10 was unstabl

A Nonparametric Analysis for Stability of Wheat Genotypes Tested in Southern Punjab, Pakistan

The objective of our study is to investigate the relationship amongst nonparametric stability statistics. Genotype environment interaction (G × EI) of eighteen genotypes wheat, tested at seven locations was interpreted by non-parametric measures. Different nonparametric measures for (G×EI) on the grain yield data of eighteen wheat’s genotypes were selected from NUWYT in the year 2016-17 in Pakistan. The experiments were conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) and were replicated twice at each location. The nonparametric steps were used to attain improvement for G×EI at (P < 0.01) which recommended the various interaction of the wheat’s genotype to be tested in each environment. Rank correlation by Spearman was applied to calculate the relationship amongst the stability of statistics with (PCA) biplot. The results of (PCA) and correlation analysis of nonparametric stability measures indicate to select stable and highly yield genotype by using Si1, Si2, Si3 and Si6 (Huehn, 1979), the NPi1, NPi2, NPi3 and NPi4 (Thennarasu.1995) and rank sum (Kang’s 1988).  G16, G1 and G5, were found to be the most stable genotypes and G10 was unstabl

Reclaiming Subjectivities: A Psychoanalytic Feminist Perspective on Item Songs in Contemporary Indian Cinema

Item Songs have recently become established as new genre of songsin the mainstream Indian Cinema, although they have remained apart of Bollywood movies since at least 1970s. Such songs, despitetheir widespread appeal to masses, have often been panned by Filmcritics (particularly from the Radical Feminist School) for their eroticdances, and an overly glamorized and sexualized depiction of halfnudefemale bodies. Based upon the textual analysis of two popularitem songs in Indian cinema, Sheila ki Jawani from Tees Maar Khan(2010) and Munni Badnam Hui from Dabangg (2010), this paperseeks to problematize such readings which focus exclusively on theissue of the objectification of women through the concept of the malegaze. Drawing upon more recent studies in Psychoanalytic FeministScholarship, the paper departs from this conventionalunderstanding. It argues that such item songs can also be interpretedas a means of liberation for women, and as devices for reclaiming thenarrative on female sexuality, and a woman's right to her body. Morebroadly, using Judith Butler's concept of Gender Performativity inthe Feminist Phenomenological tradition, the paper argues that itemssongs can be construed as performative acts that subvert the malegaze and viewed as constitutive of new feminine subjectivities incontemporary Indian society

Effect of accumulated Stomach Gas due to Positive Pressure Ventilation in Children on Oximetery Values

stomach gas in children, undergoing positive pressureventilation with face mask, helps in improving the arterialoxygen saturation. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental studywhose procedures were performed at Combined MilitaryHospital, Lahore and Mardan, from May 2005 to Nov 2006.Fifty children scheduled for surgery were included. Agerange of patients was between 06 months to 02 years.Patient status was American Society of AnaesthesiologistsI and II. All were ‘nil by mouth’ for the past 4-6 hours.In 25 cases undergoing positive pressure ventilation, thestomach gas was removed by nasogastric tube (Group A).In the other 25 cases the stomach gas was not removed(Group B). Oximetery was done during the conduct ofanaesthesia. Average value of each case was determinedand the data compared and analyzed. Results: 80% of patients in whom stomach gas wasremoved showed 100% oxygen saturation (SPO2) and theremaining 20% patients had 99% saturation. Whereas thegroup in which stomach gas was not removed, 48%patients showed 100% saturation, 32% patients had 99%and 20% patients had 98% oxygen saturation. Conclusion: Positive pressure ventilation with facemask in children can cause gaseous distension ofthe stomach. Removal of this gas can help improve theoxygen saturation

An Analysis of the Relationships among Exports, Imports, Physical Capital and Economic Growth in Pakistan

This review emphasized the relationship among capital formation, economic growth, exports and imports in case of Pakistan scenario using time series data from 1976 to 2015. Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, Johansen Co-integration, Vector error correction model and Granger Causality techniques have been used to check the relationships among exports, imports and economic growth. The results from this study show that the exports, imports, real GDP and gross fixed capital formation have a long run relationship and are co-integrated. This study uses the data of Pakistan and concludes that GDP doesn’t granger cause with the export and import while export and imports do granger cause with the GDP in the long run. Finding of the study also displays that physical capital formation has no impression over GDP. Previous study shows the positive relation among exports, imports, capital formation and economic growth while this study shows that in the long run capital formation and economic growth has no effect. Government subsidizes the exports and also increases the duty bills on imports that help boost the domestic industries manufacture the goods and motivate to produce the best quality of goods. JEL codes: F2, O4