Improved detection of Probe Request Attacks : Using Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm

The Media Access Control (MAC) layer of the wireless protocol, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11, is based on the exchange of request and response messages. Probe Request Flooding Attacks (PRFA) are devised based on this design flaw to reduce network performance or prevent legitimate users from accessing network resources. The vulnerability is amplified due to clear beacon, probe request and probe response frames. The research is to detect PRFA of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) using a Supervised Feedforward Neural Network (NN). The NN converged outstandingly with train, valid, test sample percentages 70, 15, 15 and hidden neurons 20. The effectiveness of an Intruder Detection System depends on its prediction accuracy. This paper presents optimisation of the NN using Genetic Algorithms (GA). GAs sought to maximise the performance of the model based on Linear Regression (R) and generated R > 0.95. Novelty of this research lies in the fact that the NN accepts user and attacker training data captured separately. Hence, security administrators do not have to perform the painstaking task of manually identifying individual frames for labelling prior training. The GA provides a reliable NN model and recognises the behaviour of the NN for diverse configurations

MPEG-4 video transmission using distributed TDMA MAC protocol over IEEE 802.15.4 wireless technology

The issues of green technology nowadays give an inspiration to the researcher to make all the future design to be energy efficient. Medium Access Control (MAC) layer is the most effective layer to provide energy efficient due to its ability to control the physical radio directly. One of the important applications in the future is a video transmission that can be transmitted with low-cost and low power consumption. MPEG-4 is one of the international standards for moving video. MPEG-4 provide better compression and primarily design at low bit rate communication. In order to achieve good quality for video application, the design at MAC layer must be strong. Therefore, to increase the performance of the MPEG-4 in IEEE 802.15.4, in this paper we propose a cross layer design between MAC layer and Application layer. A priority queue will be implemented at MAC scheduling depends on the level of frame important in MPEG-4 format frame. A distributed Time division Multiple Access (TDMA) will be used for MAC protocol to provide reliable data transmission for high priority frame

Polo like kinase 2 tumour suppressor and cancer biomarker: new perspectives on drug sensitivity/resistance in ovarian cancer

The polo-like kinase PLK2 has recently been identified as a potential theranostic marker in the management of chemotherapy sensitive cancers. The methylation status of the PLK2 CpG island varies with sensitivity to paclitaxel and platinum in ovarian cancer cell lines. Importantly, extrapolation of these in vitro data to the clinical setting confirms that the methylation status of the PLK2 CpG island predicts outcomes in patients treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. A second cell cycle regulator, p57Kip2, is also subject to epigenetic silencing in carboplatin resistance in vitro and in vivo, emphasising that cell cycle regulators are important determinants of sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and providing insights into the phenomenon of collateral drug sensitivity in oncology. Understanding the mechanistic basis and identification of robust biomarkers to predict collateral sensitivity may inform optimal use of chemotherapy in patients receiving multiple lines of treatment

WALL DESIGN FOR BORROWED DAYLIGHT IN ENCLOSED CORRIDORS

Previous studies by same authors, % DF values were calibrated comparing field work data to Radiance simulations and scaled model study for an enclosed corridor in tropical climate. Corridor walls are usually opaque resulting in very dark situations relying solely on artificial lighting. The objectives of this study in Paper 2 are to further investigate the extent of daylight which can be borrowed to light the internal enclosed corridors. This is carried out by experimenting on the various types of corridor wall designs with added transparent or glazed areas for daylight to be borrowed to the enclosed corridors. The designs experimented with various horizontal and vertical alternatives. The effects of these new corridor wall designs to daylight distribution in corridors are investigated by Radiance simulations. Results are compared to base case which is a situation of all opaque walls for the corridors as the worst situation. The findings show that the newer designs of corridor walls can provide daylight to corridors with significant improvements. Even though the %DF found were very low, outdoor illuminance in tropics are high therefore it is still sufficient for corridor lighting. Corridors with 50% glazed areas in a 4 strips horizontal design was found to perform the best for allowing borrowed daylight to occur

A METHOD TO CALIBRATE PERCENTAGE DAYLIGHT FACTOR AT ENCLOSED INTERNAL CORRIDOR USING SCALED MODEL AND SIMULATION

Enclosed corridors are long and they usually have no window provisions and require electric lighting to be switched on for 24 hours continuously to operate. Some corridor designs have openings for daylight at the ends, while others supplement daylight at the middle. The most part of these corridors are dark and consuming a lot of nonrenewable energy from artificial light. This paper explores how enclosed internal corridors do get the benefits of daylight depending on the corridor designs. It explores how percentage DF (Daylight Factor) less than 1%, especially in Malaysia where the skies are bright, can be beneficial and useful. The illumination required for corridors are minimal according to standards. Field work measurements were taken in selected enclosed corridor of a hostel building on typical overcast days and readings on %DF were then recorded. A scaled model of similar design was built to be experimented in the artificial sky to get a same set of readings; followed by simulation using Radiance. Results show that the readings calibrate well between field work compared to the scaled model in artificial sky and simulation with less than 10% differences. It was found that values of %DF of 0.5 and below calibrated well. Comparison were also carried out in terms of absolute illuminance and it was found that daylight illuminance less than 40 lux in corridors should not be underestimatedand were still useful even though lower than the usual standards for corridor illumination. This successful calibration will be used for further experimentation how enclosed corridors can be naturally lit by simulations

Introducing Waqf Based Takaful Model in India

Objective – Waqf is a unique feature of the socioeconomic system of Islam in a multi- religious and developing country like India. India is a rich country with waqf assets. The history of waqf in India can be traced back to 800 years ago. Most of the researchers, suggest how waqf can be used a tool to mitigate the poverty of Muslims. India has the third highest Muslim population after Indonesia and Pakistan. However, the majority of Muslims belong to the low income group and they are in need of help. It is believed that waqf can be utilized for the betterment of Indian Muslim community. Among the available uses of waqf assets, the main objective of this paper is to introduce waqf based takaful model in India. In addition, how this proposed model can be adopted in India is highlighted.Methods – Library research is applied since this paper relies on secondary data by thoroughlyreviewing the most relevant literature.Result – India as a rich country with waqf assets should fully utilize the resources to help the Muslims through takaful.Conclusion – In this study, we have proposed waqf based takaful model with the combination of the concepts mudarabah and wakalah for India. We recommend this model based on the background of the country and situations. Since we have not tested the viability of this model in India, future research should be continued on this testing

Decoding co-/post-transcriptional complexities of plant transcriptomes and epitranscriptome using next-generation sequencing technologies

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies – Illumina RNA-seq, Pacific Biosciences isoform sequencing (PacBio Iso-seq), and Oxford Nanopore direct RNA sequencing (DRS) - have revealed the complexity of plant transcriptomes and their regulation at the co-/posttranscriptional level. Global analysis of mature mRNAs, transcripts from nuclear run-on assays, and nascent chromatin-bound mRNAs using short as well as full-length and single-molecule DRS reads have uncovered potential roles of different forms of RNA polymerase II during the transcription process, and the extent of co-transcriptional pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylation. These tools have also allowed mapping of transcriptome-wide start sites in cap-containing RNAs, poly(A) site choice, poly(A) tail length, and RNA base modifications. Analysis of a large number of plant transcriptomes using high-throughput short and long reads under different conditions has established that diverse abiotic and biotic stresses and environmental cues such as light, which regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, have a profound impact on gene expression at the co-/post-transcriptional level. The emerging theme from these studies is that reprogramming of gene expression in response to developmental cues and stresses at the co-/post transcriptional level likely plays a crucial role in eliciting appropriate responses for optimal growth and plant survival under adverse conditions. Although the mechanisms by which developmental cues and different stresses regulate co-/posttranscriptional splicing are largely unknown, a few recent studies are beginning to provide some insights into these mechanisms. These studies indicate that the external cues target spliceosomal and splicing regulatory proteins to modulate alternative splicing. In this review, we provide an overview of recent discoveries on the dynamics and complexities of plant transcriptomes, mechanistic insights into splicing regulation, and discuss critical gaps in co-/post-transcriptional research that need to be addressed using diverse genomic and biochemical approaches

Disorder mediated splitting of the cyclotron resonance in two-dimensional electron systems

We perform a direct study of the magnitude of the anomalous splitting in the cyclotron resonance (CR) of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) as a function of sample disorder. In a series of AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells, identical except for a range of carbon doping in the well, we find the CR splitting to vanish at high sample mobilities but to increase dramatically with increasing impurity density and electron scattering rates. This observation lends strong support to the conjecture that the non-zero wavevector, roton-like minimum in the dispersion of 2D magnetoplasmons comes into resonance with the CR, with the two modes being coupled via disorder.Comment: accepted to PRB Rapid Com